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Shurdumov G.K.

Doctor of Chemical Sciences (Advanced Doctor), Professor, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov

ON THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING OPTIMIZED TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES OF d-ELEMENTS IN THE SOLID PHASES ON THE BASIS OF METABOLIC REACTIONS IN THE MUTUAL SYSTEMS MeSO4-Na2CO3-Mo(W)O3 WITH THEIR HEAT TREATMENT ((Me – d-ELEMENT)

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 31-39 p.
Abstract
The paper presents the material devoted to the development of the concept of optimized technology for the production of molybdenum (tungstates) elements of the d-family (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Ag) at a relatively low temperature, based on the model of a physico-chemical system, in which it is possible to form a thermally unstable intermediate phase – donor of high-defect oxide d-element, entering at the time of its formation into chemical interaction with thermally activated Mo(W)O3 with the formation of MeMo(W)O4.
In the process of solving the problem of finding the necessary to achieve the goal of the real prototypes of the chosen model of the physico-chemical system, taking into account the properties of reagents and products of their interaction, and in particular, the thermal instability of carbonates d-elements (their average decomposition temperature 3000C), it was concluded that they can be a system such as MeSO4-Na2CO3-Mo(W)O3, which was justified and confirmed in the laws of physico-chemical analysis, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, theories of polarization of Nekrasov ions, acids and Lewis's grounds and confirmation in the experiment.
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TEMPERATURE AS A CRITERION FOR THE DIRECTION OF EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN MOLTEN SALT OF MUTUAL SYSTEMS

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 16-33 p.
Abstract
The paper contains material on the current state of the problem of the orientation of exchange reactions in triple and more complex reciprocal systems in the absence of a solvent. It provides an analytical overview of the state of the problem from its inception to the end of the twentieth century, in which a critical analysis of all methods of solving it has been made for this period. As a result of numerous studies, various criteria were proposed for assessing the direction of processes in these systems, which, unfortunately, are characterized by a number of shortcomings. As a result, by the present time the problem of choosing the optimal criterion for directionality of exchange reactions in mutual systems in the absence of a solvent remains practically unresolved. The testing of the last was carried out on 53 triple mutual systems of various types for the purpose of falling out on their share of positive solutions to problems. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in this case, preference is given to the rules of Gustavson and the authors of the present work, the formulations of which are given in the text of the article.
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TEMPERATURE AS A CRITERION FOR THE DIRECTION OF EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN SALT MELTS OF MUTUAL SYSTEMS

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 4-15 p.
Abstract
The paper contains material on the current state of the problem of the orientation of exchange reactions in triple and more complex reciprocal systems in the absence of a solvent. It provides an analytical overview of the state of the problem from its inception to the end of the twentieth century, in which a critical analysis of all methods of solving it has been made for this period. As a result of numerous studies, various criteria were proposed for assessing the direction of processes in these systems, which, unfortunately, are characterized by a number of shortcomings. As a result, by the present time the problem of choosing the optimal criterion for directionality of exchange reactions in mutual systems in the absence of a solvent remains practically unresolved. The testing of the last was carried out on 53 triple mutual systems of various types for the purpose of falling out on their share of positive solutions to problems. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in this case, preference is given to the rules of Gustavson and the authors of the present work, the formulations of which are given in the text of the article.
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