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2020

Archives Journal Chemical Bulletin Vol. 3

SORPTION PROPERTIES OF SYCAMORE LEAF LITTER IN RELATION TO METHYLENE BLUE DYE

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 5-13 p.
Abstract
Dyes are one of the widespread and hazardous contaminants that enter water bodies with wastewater. Reagent precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation, flotation, and other methods are used to remove dyes from aqueous environment. At the same time, sorption treatment is one of the most effective. The authors proposed to use sycamore leaves biomass for the dye "Methylene blue" extraction from aqueous environment. To investigate the process of adsorption of methylene blue by the leaves biomass, the sorption capacity of the material has been es-tablished; it is shown that the adsorption process is best described by the Freundlich model with a correlation co-efficient R2 = 0.9537.
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INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER ENVIRONMENT TREATED WITH ZOOCOMPOST WITH THE USE OF ALLIUM SULFUR

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 5-14 p.
Abstract
An integral assessment of the state of aquatic environments using biotests is understood as the study of the complex effect of a number of factors such as chemical, physical and biological - on the functions of living organisms. Traditional methods of chemical and physical analysis of the state of various environments (water, air, soil) are based on comparing the results obtained with environmental standards, such as MPC (maximum permissible concentration) or MAL (maximum allowable level). The advantage of biotesting in comparison with other methods for assessing the state of environments is the speed of obtaining the results and their clarity, the absence of expensive reagents and equipment. Organisms used for biotesting are called biotests or bioindicators. When choosing bioindicators the sensitivity of the organism to exposure factors is taken into account as well as the ease of cultivation. Living organisms from different taxonomic groups can act as bioindicators. Such a bioindicator recognized by the International Program for Chemical Safety (IPCS) is the higher plant Allium sulfur L. The Allium test was used to assess aquatic environment treated with zoo compost resulting from the cultivation of the Black Soldier fly larva (Hermetia illucens). The length of the roots of the tested plant was chosen as the primary response to the effect of a complex of factors. The effect of exposure is considered to be established if there is an increase or decrease in the growth of the roots of the tested plants in comparison with the control. The results obtained can be used to develop recommendations for the use of zoo compost.
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ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRODUCED WATER

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 5-14 p.
Abstract
Chemical composition and amount of produced water microorganisms of offshore oil production were investigated. An excess of the content of a number of chemicals was found. The most significant deviation is the excess of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The change in chromaticity, the presence of a specific odor and qualitative reactions to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons indicate the presence of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons in water. Hydrocarbons contained in reservoir waters are very toxic. Their acute toxicity for Daphnia magna was shown. In order to prevent harmful effects on the ecosystem of wastewater of this type, it is proposed to use a sorp-tion treatment method.
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ELASTOMERS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS

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 5-12 p.
Abstract
Research works were carried out in the field of creating new rubbers with improved low-temperature, fire-fighting properties, with high resistance to the effects of petroleum products. Experimental rubber samples based on hydrogenated butadiene-nitrile rubbers and samples based on mixtures of propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin rubbers were developed. Physical and mechanical tests were conducted to determine the elastic-strength properties of rubbers, tests to determine the glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The obtained data showed that, depending on the type of rubber and other prescription factors, the developed elastomeric materials have a glass transition temperature from minus 45℃ to minus 87℃. Tests were carried out to determine the oil resistance and degree of swelling of rubbers after exposure in technological oil of the brand SGR-3 for samples 1-4, and to determine the fuel resistance and degree of swelling of rubbers after exposure in aviation kerosene of the brand TS-1 for samples 5-8. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the best characteristics for frost resistance are rubber samples based on mixtures of propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin rubbers. Elastomers in terms of elastic-strength characteristics and hardness indicators meet the requirements for sealing products of machinery and equipment of the oil and gas industry. Also, elastomers showed good results in tests for fuel resistance, while the degree of swelling of rubber samples in aviation kerosene is about 9%. Developments are protected as a trade secret (know-how). There is a positive experience in manufac-turing and selling lots of products made from developed elastomeric materials for domestic consumers.
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