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Vol. 5 Issue 3

Archives Journal Chemical Bulletin Vol. 5 Issue 3

FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVATED HYDROALUMOSILICATE OF THE POLYANSKOYE DEPOSIT

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 5-15 p.
Abstract
The results of a comparative study of the features of the material (chemical and mineralogical) composition and some surface characteristics of the enriched form of clay from the Polyana deposit subjected to activation by sulfuric acid treatment, as well as by exposure to IR- and UV-radiation are presented in this article. The initial clay material is accessible to polymineral rock with a predominance of montmorillonite hydroaluminosilicate in its composition (up to 75 wt %). There is IR and UV exposure to a significant change in the incoming composition of the clay, not observed. When an enriched form of clay is exposed to a solution of sulfuric acid, the proportion of cations (in particular calcium) in the exchange complex of clay decreases. In this case, a compensatory effect of protons on broken bonds localized on the surface of clay minerals is observed, which leads to a decrease in the absolute value of the electrokinetic potential on the surface of clay particles. Under IR- and UV-exposure of the clay material, a shift in the ξ-potential to the region of negative values is observed, which can be explained by the weakening of the bonds of exchange cations with the crystal lattice of montmorillonite, and, as a result, a change in the composition and structure of the interlayer medium. It was revealed that both UV and IR exposure to Polyanskaya clay leads to a decrease in the content of the proportion of freely bound water in the structure of montmorillonite hydroaluminosilicate. At the same time, treatment with UV-radiation significantly reduces the amount of OH-groups on the surface of the mineral due to the formation of siloxane bridges.
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ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS BASED ON BUTADIENE-NITRILE RUBBERS WITH THE ADDITION OF A NEW OLIGOESTERAMIDE

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 16-25 p.
Abstract
The effect of air oxygen and several catalysts on the process of aminolytic destruction of polyethylene terephthalate by a mixture of amino alcohols (monoethanolamine and triethanolamine) at atmospheric pressure and convective heating is investigated. The terephthalic acid diamide obtained as a result of PET degradation is used as a monomer in the homofunctional polycondensation reaction. A new oligoesteramide containing an aromatic ring, two amide and hydroxyl groups in its structure was obtained. Its molecular weight was determined by a viscometric method. The use of the obtained oligoesteramide as a plasticizer in polar elastomeric compositions based on a mixture of butadiene-nitrile rubbers BNKS-40 and BNKS-28 is proposed. The effect on the kinetics of sulfur vulcanization and the viscosity of raw rubber mixtures is demonstrated. The acceleration of the vulcanization process has been revealed, as well as a decrease in the viscosity of rubber compounds, which contributes to a reduction in energy costs for processing and molding products. The change of elastic-strength parameters of vul-canized rubbers is substantiated. Comparison of rubber mixtures with oligoesteramide and plasticizers dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phatalate and dibutylsebacinate was carried out. With the introduction of terephthalic acid oli-goesteramide, the elongation at break increases by 50-70 percent. The use of the obtained oligoesteramide as a plasticizer has an advantage relative to the selected comparison plasticizers, namely, the absence of "sweating" on the surface of the products during storage due to the higher molecular weight of oligoesteramide.
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ANALYSIS OF TRIPLE RECIPROCAL SYSTEMS BASED ON S1-ELEMENT NITRATES AND HALOGENIDES

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 26-38 p.
Abstract
Currently, the relevance of using more advanced and universal chemicals in the creation of electrolytes of heat carriers of non-melting salt mixtures and thermal batteries is increasing. Based on this, it can be stated with confidence that the halide and nitrate salts of s1-elements have the greatest potential in this direction. When developing the latest generators of electrical and thermal energy, such chemicals have a unique property - the abil-ity to run power plants even at low temperatures. For a wide practical application of melts of halides and nitrates of s1 elements with specified values of thermodynamic characteristics and physico-chemical properties, the study of phase diagrams is required. The method of differential thermal analysis was used to study the phase equilibrium of salt systems of the following type: Li,Rb||I, NO3, Li,K||Br,NO3, Li,K||I,NO3, Li, K||F,NO3, Li, K||Cl,NO3, Li,Rb||Br,NO3, Li,K||Br,NO3, Li,Na||I,NO3, Li,Rb||F,NO3. A comparative analysis of the series of three-component mutual systems formed from the systems experimentally studied by the authors of the article Li,K||F,NO3, Li,K||Cl,NO3, Li,K||Br,NO3, Li, K||I,NO3, Li,Na||F,NO3, Li,Na||I,NO3, Li,Rb||F,NO3, Li,Rb||Br,NO3, Li,Rb||I,NO3,Li,Cs||F,NO3, Li,Cs||Cl,NO3, Li,Cs||I, NO3 and systems studied by other authors Li,Na||Cl,NO3, Li,Na||Br, NO3, Li,Rb||Cl,NO3, Li,Cs||Br,NO3. The considered eutectic compositions of salt systems can be used to create a molten source of RHIT.
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EVALUATION OF EMULSIFIER EFFECT ON THE PROPERTIES OF WATER-BASED ALKYD EMULSION

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 39-48 p.
Abstract
The study is devoted to the issue of evaluating the effect of an emulsifier on the properties of the developed water-based alkyd emulsion intended for dust suppression. The goal was to establish a rational ratio of components in this system according to the following criteria: a decrease in the average droplet size, a decrease in relative viscosity, and an increase in sedimentation stability (emulsion life). The components of the basic composition of the emulsion were alkyd varnish (Resin GF-0123), surfactant (AMP-95), distilled water. To analyze the obtained compositions of the alkyd emulsion, dispersions were prepared containing: alkyd – 55-75% with a step of 5%; Surfactant – 0.1-0.5% in increments of 0.1% of the alkyd content (in-stead). The emulsion was obtained under the following technological parameters: emulsification temperature – 35°C, emulsification speed – 5000 rpm. The analyzed parameters were: dispersion (droplet size), viscosity, life (sedimentation stability) of the emulsion. It has been established that a rational composition, at which the minimum values of dispersion and viscosity are achieved, with a high lifetime at the maximum content of the polymer component, is a composition that includes: 59.7% alkyd, 40% water and 0.3% surfactant. The developed composition makes it possible to obtain an emulsion with a lifetime of more than 1 month, an av-erage dispersion value of 3 µm, and a viscosity of 40 mPa·s.
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