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Pavlov A.V.

Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor, Yaroslavl State Technical University

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF SOSNOVSKY HOGWEED PROCESSING PRODUCTS IN CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

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 7-16 p.
Abstract
It is shown that restrictions on the spread of the invasive and dangerous for humans plant of Sosnovsky hogweed are carried out as needed. One of the restrictions on the spread of this plant can be the processing of Sosnovsky hogweed using chemical technology. It was determined that the optimal conditions from the standpoint of chemical technology are the processing of the fruits of this plant of waxy ripeness. Extraction processing of the fruits of wax ripeness with petroleum ether in a Soxhlet apparatus made it possible to obtain 2.9% of the mass. essential oil, which, according to chromatographic analysis using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, an electronic integrator Crystallux 4000M, contained 56% of the mass. esters. The work shows that the essential oil in the composition of the compound with vaseline oil in a ratio of 1: 1 by volume can be used not only as a softener in the formulation of rubber compounds based on light crepe, but also as a plasticizer, imparting increased frost resistance to technical rubbers. With practically the same elastic strength characteristics of rubbers under tension with industrial oil I-12A and with essential oil, the increased frost resistance of rubbers with essential oil will allow them to be utilized into crumb rubber for the production of polymer-bitumen binders that reduce cracking of road surfaces.
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EXPERIENCE IN CREATING LAYERED RADIATION- PROTECTIVE MATERIALS ON A TEXTILE BASIS

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 7-16 p.
Abstract
The technology of creating radiation-protective lead materials on a textile basis was developed. A method of electrochemical deposition of lead on a metallized fabric from a hydrogen borofluoride electrolyte was developed. The influence of the increase in the caliber of the lead electrochemical coating on the changes in the density of the mesh and the living cross-section of the metallized fabric is determined. The efficiency of the radiation-protective properties of the material is estimated by determining the linear attenuation coefficient of gamma quanta with an energy of 0.662 MeV from the Сs-137 source using a scintillation single-channel gamma spectrometer. It is noted that due to the spatial arrangement of the layers of metallized fabric with an optimal range of lead-coated calibers from 75 to 100 micrometers, having a live cross-section of no more than 0.05%, an abnormally strong change in the intensity of penetrating radiation occurs. It is shown that when duplicating a metallized fabric with a lead coating, the living cross-section of the duplicated structure is a power function of the number of layers of the metallized fabric. It is noted that the metallized fabric with a lead coating in the studied range of calibers has a multiplicity of attenuation of gamma-radiation Cs137 below the lead plate of a similar caliber.
In the resulting radiation-protective material on a textile basis, both traditional technological approaches are implemented - the use of lead, and innovative ones associated with the use of multilayer materials to implement an abnormally strong change in the intensity of penetrating radiation.
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