English
Русский 24-30 p.
The scarcity of water resources and their pollution speaks about the need to provide the population with environmentally safe drinking water. This problem is very relevant at the present time. Accumulating in reservoirs, surface-active substances exert a strong toxic effect on flora and fauna, impair the organoleptic characteristics of water, and hinder the processes of self-purification of water bodies. The processes of destruction of the majority of surfactants in natural waters occur rather slowly. One of the effective ways to combat water pollution by surfactants is to prevent them from entering water. Many of the techniques are laborious enough, they require expensive equipment, they are not precise enough and express. Therefore, the development of simple, rapid, accessible techniques suitable for determining the content of surfactants of different classes in soils, sewage and other objects is still an important and urgent task. The article describes methods of sorption concentration of surface-active substances with the use of inorganic residues, and with the use of natural and synthetic sorbents. In the methods of sorption concentration of surfactants with the use of inorganic residues, as precipitating agents and sorbents, oxides of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, marble chips, bischofite, magnesium sulfate can be simultaneously used. A method using electrochemical destructive oxidation is also used. Natural sorbents include various natural porous hydrophobic materials, which, due to their structure, possess considerable sorption ability. Natural sorbents are very diverse because of the difference in structure and conditions of their formation. These include inorganic products of natural precipitation reactions (bauxites, laterites, ferrolites, etc.), clays (hydroaluminosilicates), active earths (sili-cates), as well as organic precipitates and products of the transformation of organic substances of plant and animal origin (muds of lakes and seas, humus, peat, lignite, etc.). The process of application is quite expensive, which sig-nificantly reduces the economic efficiency of the use of natural sorbents.
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20. Strazhenko D.N., Tarkovskaya I.A. Adsorbciya i adsorbenty. Kiev: Nauk. Dumka. 1972. Vyp. 1. S. 32 – 35.
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25. Soboleva O.A., Badun G.A., i dr. Adsorbciya neionogennogo poverhnostno-aktivnogo veshchestva triton H-100 na tverdyh poverhnostyah iz vodnyh i nevodnyh sred. // Vestnik MU. Ser. 2: Himiya. 2007. T. 48. №1. S.17.
26. Ho Y.S., McKay G. Sorption of copper (11) from aqueous solution by peat // Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 2004. V. 158. №1-4. P. 77 – 97.
27. Ryazancev A.A., Cycyktueva L.A. Doochistka stochnyh vod na fil'trah s ceolitovoj zagruzkoj // Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 1994. №2. S. 28 – 29.
28. Razdelenie anionnyh, kationnyh, neionogennyh poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv v gomologicheskih ryadah s ispol'zovaniem molekulyarnyh sit / E.G. Kulapina, R.K. CHernova, A.I. Kulapin, S.A. Mitrohina i dr. // ZHurn. analit. himii. 2003. T. 58. №7. S. 735 – 736.
29. Rubanovskaya S.G., Velichko L.N. Tekhnologicheskaya skhema ochistki stochnyh vod promyshlennyh predpriyatij s ispol'zovaniem irlitov // Tr. Sev.-Kavk. gos. tekhnol. un-ta. 2002. №9. S. 51 – 53.
2. Koganovskij A.M., Klimenko N.A. Fiziko-himicheskie metody ochistki promyshlennyh stochnyh vod ot poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv. Kiev.: Nauk. Dumka. 1974. 157 s.
3. Intensifikaciya ochistki stochnyh vod ot poverhnostno-aktivnyk veshchestv. Terekhova Ekaterina L'vovna: Dis. kand. tekhn. nauk. Habarovsk. 2004. 175 s.
4. Pushkarev V.V., Trofimov D.I. Fiziko-himicheskie osobennosti ochistki stochnyh vod ot PAV. M.: Himiya. 1975. 144 s.
5. Problemy ochistki stochnyh vod, soderzhashchih vysokie koncentracii anionnyh PAV / L.I. Gushchina, A.S. Grishchenko, I.L. Evlahova i dr. M.: CNIITEHNeftekhim. 1991. 39 s.
6. Removal efficiency of anionic surfactans from chemical wastewater by treatment plant using coagulation precipitation process / A. Adachi, M. Kamide, T. Kodayshi & other // Env. Tech. 1990. V. 11. P. 133 – 140.
7. Gauzer E.A. Kolloidnaya himiya glinistyh mineralov i plenok / E.A.Gauzer, D.L. Lebo. M: Gostekhizdat. – 1947. – 323 s.
8. Mamedov EH.A. Ochistka vody ot krasitelej // Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2000. №9. S. 15 – 16.
9. Boev V.F., CHuchalin I.S., Kolganova L.V. Tekhnologiya obrabotki vody oborotnyh sistem moek avtotransporta, soderzhashchih PAV // Materialy akademicheskih chtenij. SPb.: GUPS. 2001. S. 66 – 69.
10. Tarasevich YU.I. Fiziko-himicheskie principy racional'nogo podbora prirodnyh sorbentov dlya adsorbcionnoj ochistki stochnyh vod ot PAV // Ukr.himicheskij zhurnal. 1977. №9. S. 935 – 950.
11. Sorbcionnaya ochistka stochnyh vod ot ionov tyazhelyh metallov s primeneniem brusita. Bobyleva Svetlana Anatol'evna: Dis. kand. tekhn. nauk. Novosibirsk. 2005. 156 s.
12. Smirnov A.D. Sorbcionnaya ochistka vody. L.: Himiya. 1982. 169 s.
13. Koganovskij A.M., Klimenko N.A. Fiziko-himicheskie osnovy izvlecheniya poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv iz vodnyh rastvorov i stochnyh vod. Kiev.: Nauk. Dumka. 1978. 176 s.
14. Sokolov V.P., CHikunov L.A. Fiziko-himicheskie metody glubokoj ochistki stochnyh vod neftepererabatyvayushchih i neftekhimicheskih predpriyatij. M.: CNIITEHNeftekhim. 1978. 46 s.
15. Fizicheskaya adsorbciya iz mnogokomponentnyh faz // Trudy vtoroj Vsesoyuznoj konferencii po teoreticheskim voprosam adsorbcii. M.: Nauka. 1972. 252 s.
16. Medyanik B.C. Poluchenie i primenenie uglerodnyh sorbentov iz iskopaemyh uglej Kuzneckogo bassejna: avtoref. dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk. Kemerovo. 2000. 30 s.
17. Crist Ray H., Martin J.R. Use of a novel formulation of kraft lignin for toxic metal removal from process waters // Separ. Sci. and Technol. 2004. V. 39. №7. P. 1535 – 1545.
18. Palma G., Freer J., Baeza J. Removal of metal ions by modified Pinus radiata bark and tannins from water solutions // Water Res. 2003. V. 37. №20. P. 4974 – 4980.
19. A.S. 1198013 SSSR, MKI S 02 F 1/28. Sposob ochictki stochnyh vod ot organicheskih soedinenij / N.A. Kon'kova, E.D. Rushajlo, V.N. Klushin i dr. Opubl.1985. Byul. №4.
20. Strazhenko D.N., Tarkovskaya I.A. Adsorbciya i adsorbenty. Kiev: Nauk. Dumka. 1972. Vyp. 1. S. 32 – 35.
21. Koganovskij A.M. Adsorbciya i ionnyj obmen v processah vodopodgotovki i ochistki stochnyh vod. Kiev: Nauk. dumka. 1983. 239. s.
22. Voyuckij S.S. Kurs kolloidnoj himii. M.: Himiya. 1971. 574 s.
23. Koganovskij A.M., Klimenko N.A. Fiziko-himicheskie metody ochistki promyshlennyh stochnyh vod ot poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv. Kiev.: Nauk. Dumka. 1974. 157 s.
24. Kuyanceva EH.EH. Razrabotka tekhnologii ochistki stochnyh vod ot poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv i nefteproduktov: Dis. kand. tekh. nauk:11.00.11. M.: RHTU im. D.I.Mendeleeva. 1994. 186 s.
25. Soboleva O.A., Badun G.A., i dr. Adsorbciya neionogennogo poverhnostno-aktivnogo veshchestva triton H-100 na tverdyh poverhnostyah iz vodnyh i nevodnyh sred. // Vestnik MU. Ser. 2: Himiya. 2007. T. 48. №1. S.17.
26. Ho Y.S., McKay G. Sorption of copper (11) from aqueous solution by peat // Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 2004. V. 158. №1-4. P. 77 – 97.
27. Ryazancev A.A., Cycyktueva L.A. Doochistka stochnyh vod na fil'trah s ceolitovoj zagruzkoj // Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 1994. №2. S. 28 – 29.
28. Razdelenie anionnyh, kationnyh, neionogennyh poverhnostno-aktivnyh veshchestv v gomologicheskih ryadah s ispol'zovaniem molekulyarnyh sit / E.G. Kulapina, R.K. CHernova, A.I. Kulapin, S.A. Mitrohina i dr. // ZHurn. analit. himii. 2003. T. 58. №7. S. 735 – 736.
29. Rubanovskaya S.G., Velichko L.N. Tekhnologicheskaya skhema ochistki stochnyh vod promyshlennyh predpriyatij s ispol'zovaniem irlitov // Tr. Sev.-Kavk. gos. tekhnol. un-ta. 2002. №9. S. 51 – 53.