The relevance of the work is due to the need to replace expensive polymer modifiers and involve large-scale waste from the pulp and paper industry in the production of road construction materials. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the effect of various types of lignin and activation methods on the physico-mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen. Bitumen of the BND 100/130 brand was used in the work. Samples with the addition of pure lignin (0.3–0.7%), activated lignin, lignosulfonate, as well as complex formulations with the plasticizer ENMA and SBS polymer were studied. It has been shown that the introduction of pure lignin increases the softening temperature and aging resistance, but worsens the low-temperature properties and leads to heterogeneity of the system at concentrations above 0.7%. The activation of lignin increases its reactivity, allowing the introduction of a modifier without loss of uniformity. It has been established that the combined use of activated lignin with SBS and plasticizer provides an extension of the temperature range of working capacity. Rheological tests in accordance with GOST R 58400.1-2019 confirmed the increase of the PG grade from PG 58-28 (initial bitumen) to PG 70-34. The best set of properties is achieved by partially replacing SBS with activated lignin, which confirms the prospects of using lignin as an effective and environmentally friendly component of polymer-bitumen binders.