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Оbjectives: the paper addresses the problem of environmental pollution by oil and petroleum products and substantiates the possibility of using sunflower seed husk carbonizate as an effective and economically affordable adsorbent for the fine purification of natural waters from oil contamination.
Methods. The physicochemical processes of sunflower seed husk pyrolysis in oxidative‑air and oxygen‑free (argon) atmospheres were investigated by thermal analysis (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry). Adsorption tests were carried out in accordance with GOST No. 33627-2015 using crude oil from the Yamal field and TS‑1 aviation kerosene. The selectivity of the adsorbent was evaluated in a model "oil‑water" system, and desorption characteristics were studied by gravimetry at room temperature.
Results. The main stages of thermo‑oxidative degradation and pyrolysis of sunflower seed husks were established: dehydration (up to 248-254 °C), release of volatile organic compounds (248-361 °C), and carbonization (361-820 °C); the yield of solid carbon residue in an inert atmosphere (13.2%) is 2.5 times higher than in air. The absorption capacity of the carbonizate was shown to reach 1.84 g/g for crude oil and 1.11 g/g for kerosene, which is comparable to known adsorbents from plant‑derived raw materials. The selectivity of the adsorbent in an aqueous medium was confirmed. A two‑stage nature of kerosene desorption was established: rapid loss of 9.3% within the first 1.5 hours, followed by slow desorption up to 48 hours.
Conclusions. It was found that sunflower seed husk carbonizate exhibits high thermal stability, competitive oil capacity, and selectivity towards petroleum products. The exclusion of the energy‑intensive activation stage significantly reduces the adsorbent production cost. The obtained results indicate the promise of using pyrolysis products of sunflower seed husks for developing effective means of oil spill remediation.
Methods. The physicochemical processes of sunflower seed husk pyrolysis in oxidative‑air and oxygen‑free (argon) atmospheres were investigated by thermal analysis (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry). Adsorption tests were carried out in accordance with GOST No. 33627-2015 using crude oil from the Yamal field and TS‑1 aviation kerosene. The selectivity of the adsorbent was evaluated in a model "oil‑water" system, and desorption characteristics were studied by gravimetry at room temperature.
Results. The main stages of thermo‑oxidative degradation and pyrolysis of sunflower seed husks were established: dehydration (up to 248-254 °C), release of volatile organic compounds (248-361 °C), and carbonization (361-820 °C); the yield of solid carbon residue in an inert atmosphere (13.2%) is 2.5 times higher than in air. The absorption capacity of the carbonizate was shown to reach 1.84 g/g for crude oil and 1.11 g/g for kerosene, which is comparable to known adsorbents from plant‑derived raw materials. The selectivity of the adsorbent in an aqueous medium was confirmed. A two‑stage nature of kerosene desorption was established: rapid loss of 9.3% within the first 1.5 hours, followed by slow desorption up to 48 hours.
Conclusions. It was found that sunflower seed husk carbonizate exhibits high thermal stability, competitive oil capacity, and selectivity towards petroleum products. The exclusion of the energy‑intensive activation stage significantly reduces the adsorbent production cost. The obtained results indicate the promise of using pyrolysis products of sunflower seed husks for developing effective means of oil spill remediation.
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20. Mousa S., Abbas H., El-Ghaffar M. Adsorptive removal of kerosene from water using pyrolyzed sunflower hulls: equilibrium and kinetic modeling. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2024. Vol. 317. P. 100262. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2024.30182. (Scopus, Q3).
2. Kovekhova A.V., Zemnukhova L.A., Arefyev O.D. Inorganic components of sunflower fruit skins. News of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology. 2017. Vol. 7. No. 3. P. 8 – 18. DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2017-7-3-9-18
3. Ruzyanova A.A., Temnikova O.E. New methods of using waste from oil and fat production. International scientific and practical conferences. Moscow, 2018. P. 210 – 214.
4. Akhmedzyanova R.R., Tuntsev D.V., Valeeva R.T. Sunflower waste – economically promising types of raw materials for the production of biotechnological products. Technological University. Kazan, 2022. P. 10 – 11.
5. Kudryavtseva O.P., Balchugova A.E., Skhvediani Yu.A., Smyatskaya T.Yu. Technological and hardware scheme for processing waste from the oil and fat industry for the production of oil sorbents. Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2024. T. 28. No. 3. P. 4 – 10. DOI 10.18412/1816-0395-2024-3-4-10
6. Zhang Y., Li H., Liu Y. et al. Adsorption of crude oil by biochar derived from sunflower seed husk: kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2022. Vol. 10. Iss. 3. P. 107654. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107654. (Scopus, Q1).
7. Wang S., Zhu Y., Xu X. et al. Pyrolysis of sunflower husk for production of porous carbon and its application in oil spill cleanup. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2023. Vol. 168. P. 106675. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106675. (Scopus, Q1).
8. Kumar A., Singh R., Srivastava V. Sunflower husk-derived activated carbon for efficient removal of diesel oil from aqueous solutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024. Vol. 31. Iss. 5. P. 7200 – 7215. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31587-3. (Scopus, Q2).
9. Zubkova O.S., Toropchina M.A., Chikhacheva A.V., Kudinova A.A. Production of granulated sorbent based on activated carbon for purification of oil-contaminated wastewater. News of higher educational institutions. North Caucasus region. Engineering sciences. 2022. No. 4 (216). P. 77 – 84. DOI 10.17213/1560-3644-2022-4-77-84
10. Razdobarin A.E., Vezentsev A.I., Trufanov D.A., Sokolovsky P.V. Material composition and adsorption characteristics of sunflower seed husk pyrolysis products. Innovations in life sciences: Proceedings of the V International Symposium. Belgorod. 2023. P. 375 – 376.
11. Chen H., Zhao Y., Li P. Thermal degradation and carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass: TG-FTIR analysis of sunflower husk. Renewable Energy. 2022. Vol. 189. P. 1152 – 1164. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.075. (Scopus, Q1).
12. Liang X., Zhang Q., Liu H. One-step pyrolysis without activation for obtaining efficient oil adsorbents from sunflower husk. Industrial Crops and Products. 2025. Vol. 195. P. 116724. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116724. (Scopus, Q1).
13. Lee J., Park S., Kim Y. Desorption behavior of light hydrocarbons from spent carbon sorbents: impli-cations for safe disposal. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2024. Vol. 462. P. 132785. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132785. (Scopus, Q1).
14. Petrova N., Ivanov A., Smirnova T. Low-cost carbon sorbents from agricultural waste for oil spill remediation: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2023. Vol. 395. P. 136402. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136402. (Scopus, Q1).
15. Veprikova E.V., Tereshchenko E.A., Chesnokov N.V. Features of water purification from oil products using oil sorbents, filter materials, and activated carbons. Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Series: Chemistry. 2010. Vol. 3. No. 3. Pp. 285–304. DOI:10.17516/1998-2836-2010-3-3-285-304
16. Gao J., Wu F., Chen M. et al. Surface modification of biochar from sunflower husk for enhanced sorption of petroleum hydrocarbons. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025. Vol. 485. P. 149876. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.149876. (Scopus, Q1).
17. Rudkovsky A.V., Fetisova O.Yu., Chesnokov N.V. Sorption of petroleum products by carbon sorbents from Siberian larch bark. Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Series: Chemistry. 2016. Vol. 9. No. 1. P. 109 – 118. DOI:10.17516/1998-2836-2016-9-1-109-118
18. Vezentsev A.I., Razdobarin A.E., Yapryntsev M.N., Sokolovsky P.V., Trufanov D.S. Phase composition and structural and morphological characteristics of pyrolysis products of plant and municipal waste. Bulletin of the Technological University. 2024. T. 27. No. 2. P. 71 – 76. DOI:10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_2_71
19. Radi M., Szabo L., Toth J. Comparative study on oil sorption capacity of biochars from different ag-ricultural residues. Environmental Technology. 2023. Vol. 44. Iss. 20. P. 2985 – 2998. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2055623. (Scopus, Q2).
20. Mousa S., Abbas H., El-Ghaffar M. Adsorptive removal of kerosene from water using pyrolyzed sunflower hulls: equilibrium and kinetic modeling. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2024. Vol. 317. P. 100262. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2024.30182. (Scopus, Q3).
Vezentsev A.I., Razdobarin A.E., Trufanov D.A., Kozhukhova E.I. Adsorption of petroleum products with sunflower seed husk carbonate. Chemical Bulletin. 2026. 9 (3). 4. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2026-9-3-4