The article describes the characteristics of a class of surfactants and the use of substances in the petrochemical industry. The classification of anionic surfactants is considered. The main structural elements of the structure of substances of the considered class are presented. A brief description of the most commonly used methods for the analysis of anionic surfactants is given. Advantages of using photometric, extraction-photometric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of anionic surfactants using triphenylmethane dyes are described. In the course of the study, the content of the anionic surfactant (sulfonol) in the solution was monitored spectrophotometrically using the indicator reaction with malachite green. The use of the method in question to study sorption processes in a surfactant system is justified by the fact that surfactants are able to form complex compounds (ionic associates) with organic reagents with characteristic light absorption bands.
The results of a photometric determination of an anionic surfactant (sulfonol) using an organic reagent, malachite green, are presented. The effect of the acidity of the environment on the process of adsorption of a component in aqueous solutions is described. A calibration graph for determining the concentration of the component is given.
The main thermodynamic parameters of sulfon adsorption on activated carbon, such as enthalpy (∆H), isobaric-isothermal potential (∆G) and entropy (∆S) sorption were determined during the research. The obtained research results can be used for quantitative determination of the component and modeling of adsorption mechanisms.
The main characteristics of the sorption kinetics of a surfactant (sulfanol) on active coal are calculated. Isotherms of sorption kinetics are given. The possibility of purification from the above-described component using the sorbent under consideration is described.