English
Русский 19-29 p.
The material of the article considers the production of cellulose from broadleaf cattail by the nitrate method as one of the ways to process spent cattail after a cycle of filtration of water bodies in order to provide a potential effective natural biofilter in an economical way of disposal. Morphological differences of plants in composition, structure, packing density, conformation of molecules do not allow equally effective application of the same methods of material processing, which requires adjustment of the process conditions. For the nitric acid method, the process conditions were optimized in terms of the time parameters of soaking in solutions of nitric acid and alkali for its application to broadleaf cattail with the highest yield of the target product. The isolated cellulose by the nitric acid method satisfies the basic requirements for the content of α-cellulose and residual lignin to obtain a wide range of further products, including the synthesis of cellulose nitrates for the defense industry with the possibility of selecting processing conditions to obtain the required composition. Also, broadleaf cattail proved to be a relatively capacious source of holocellulose. The paper presents the mass fraction of holocellulose in samples subjected to different processing time parameters, the content of α-cellulose and residual lignin in holocellulose from broadleaf cattail.
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2. Gindich V.I. Tekhnologiya piroksilinovyh porohov: v 2 t. T. 1. Proizvodstvo nitratov cellyuloz i regeneraciya kislot. Pod obshch. red. A.G. Korsakova. Kazan'.: Tat. gaz.-zhurn. izd-vo, 1995. 959 s.
3. Gismatulina YU.A., Budaeva V.V. Azotnokislyj sposob polucheniya cellyulozy (Obzor). Polzunovskij vest-nik. 2016. № 4-1. S. 174 – 178.
4. Gismatulina YU.A., Budaeva V.V., Sakovich G.V. Azotnokislyj sposob polucheniya cellyulozy iz miskantusa – predshestvennika nitratov cellyulozy. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya himicheskaya. 2015. № 12. S. 2949 – 2953.
5. Gismatulina YU.A., Budaeva V.V., Sakovich G.V. Nitraty cellyulozy iz solomy l'na-mezheumka. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya: himicheskaya. 2016. № 12. S. 2920 – 2924.
6. Gismatulina YU.A., Budaeva V.V., Korchagina A.A., Gismatulina YU.A. Perspektivy nitratov cellyulozy iz netradicionnogo syr'ya dlya vzryvchatyh sostavov. Himiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya. 2019. № 1. S. 259 – 268. DOI 10.14258/jcprm.2019014336
7. Kapitonova O.A., Platunova G.R., Kapitanov V.I. Rogozy Vyatsko-Kamskogo kraya: monografiya. Izhevsk: Izd-vo «Udmurtskij universitet», 2012. 190 s.
8. Korchagina A.A. Netradicionnye istochniki syr'ya dlya polucheniya azotnokislyh efirov cellyulozy (obzor). YUzhno-Sibirskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2018. № 1. S. 68 – 74.
9. Novyj spravochnik himika i tekhnologa. Syr'e i produkty promyshlennosti organicheskih i ne-organicheskih veshchestv, NPO «Professional», Sankt-Peterburg, 2006. 600 s.
10. Obolenskaya A.V., El'nickaya Z.P., Leonovich A.A., Laboratornye raboty po himii drevesiny i cellyulozy, Ekologiya, Moskva, 1991, 320 s.
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12. Flyate D.M. Tekhnologiya bumagi: uchebnik dlya vuzov. M.: Lesn. prom-st', 1988. 440 s.
13. Amri A.E., Bensalah J., Essaadaoui Y. et al. Elaboration, characterization and performance evaluation of a new environmentally friendly adsorbent material based on the reed filter (Typha Latifolia): Kinetic and thermody-namic studies and application in the adsorption of Cd (II) ion. Chemical Data Collections. 2022. Vol. 39. P. 100849. DOI 10.1016/j.cdc.2022.100849
14. Gismatulina Y.A., Budaeva V.V., Sakovich G.V. Nitrocellulose Synthesis from Miscanthus Cellulose. Pro-pellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. 2018. Vol. 43. № 1. P. 96 – 100. DOI 10.1002/prep.201700210
15. Klink A., Polechońska L., Cegłowska A., Stankiewicz A. Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) as bioindicator of different types of pollution in aquatic ecosystems-application of self-organizing feature map (neu-ral network). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016. Vol. 23. № 14. P. 14078 – 14086. DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-6581-9
16. Nepovim A., Hebner A., Soudek P. et al. Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by selected helophytes. Chemosphere. 2005. Vol. 60. № 10. P. 1454 – 1461. DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.073
17. Vroom R.J.E., Xie F., Geurts M.J.J. et al. Typha latifolia paludiculture effectively improves water quality and reduces greenhouse gas emissions in rewetted peatlands. Ecological Engineering. 2018. Vol. 124. P. 88 – 98. DOI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.09.008