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This article investigates the stabilization of aqueous dispersions of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using polysaccharide stabilizers. The effect of electrolyte coagulants and polysaccharide stabilizers on the stability of magnetite hydrosols and their stability at physiological pH with and without the addition of polysaccharides is stud-ied. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of nonionic polysaccharides, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, in stabilizing magnetic nanoparticles from electrolyte coagulation and over time, which is important for their application in medicine.
Objectives. To obtain and characterize magnetite hydrosols and to study their stabilization with polysaccharides over time and with the addition of non-indifferent and indifferent electrolytes.
Methods. Hydrosol coagulation was studied photometrically. The size of hydrosol nanoparticles was determined using dynamic light scattering.
Results. Nonionic polysaccharides, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, are promising for stabilizing aqueous dispersions (hydrosols) of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.
Conclusions. The coagulation threshold of magnetite hydrosol with a non-differentiated electrolyte, sodium hy-droxide, is 20,5 times lower than the coagulation threshold of magnetite hydrosol with an indifferent electrolyte, sodium chloride. Hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose exhibited the greatest protection of magnetite hydrosol from coagulation with sodium chloride. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose exhibited the greatest protection of magnetite hydrosol from coagulation with sodium hydroxide. Sols containing hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose exhibit the greatest stability over time at pH 7.4 (the pH of blood), created by the addition of a phosphate-buffered saline mixture.
Objectives. To obtain and characterize magnetite hydrosols and to study their stabilization with polysaccharides over time and with the addition of non-indifferent and indifferent electrolytes.
Methods. Hydrosol coagulation was studied photometrically. The size of hydrosol nanoparticles was determined using dynamic light scattering.
Results. Nonionic polysaccharides, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, are promising for stabilizing aqueous dispersions (hydrosols) of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.
Conclusions. The coagulation threshold of magnetite hydrosol with a non-differentiated electrolyte, sodium hy-droxide, is 20,5 times lower than the coagulation threshold of magnetite hydrosol with an indifferent electrolyte, sodium chloride. Hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose exhibited the greatest protection of magnetite hydrosol from coagulation with sodium chloride. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose exhibited the greatest protection of magnetite hydrosol from coagulation with sodium hydroxide. Sols containing hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose exhibit the greatest stability over time at pH 7.4 (the pH of blood), created by the addition of a phosphate-buffered saline mixture.
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2. Petrov K.D., Chubarov A.S. Magnetite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Encyclopedia J. 2022. Vol. 2. P. 1811 – 1828.
3. Tanish S., Moili R., Prithvi R.M., Shurthilaya R. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Appli-cations. Biomed J. Sci. & Tech. Res. 2022. Vol. 46 (3). P. 37446 – 37454.
4. Nguyen M.D., Tran H.-V., Xu Sh., Lee T.R. Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Structures, Synthesis, Magnetic Pro-perties, Surface Functionalization, and Emerging Applications. Appl. Sci. 2021. Vol. 11. P. 1 – 34.
5. Materon E.M., Miyazaki C.M., Carr O., Joshi N., Picciani P.H.S., Dalmachio C.J., Shimizu F.M. Magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review. Appl. Sur-face Sc.Adv. 2021. Vol. 6. P. 100163 – 100180.
6. Monteserín M., Larumbe S., Martínez A.V., Burgui S., Francisco Martín L. Recent Advances in the Devel-opment of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. J Nanoscience Nanotech. 2021. Vol. 21(5). P. 2705 – 2741.
7. Voronin D.V., Sadovnikov A.V., Beginin E.N., Shchukin D.G., Gorin D.A. Magnetic composites with mag-netite nanoparticles: production, control of physical properties, application. Izvestiya Saratov University. Nov. se-ries. Physics. 2013. Vol. 13 (2). P. 50 – 54.
8. Trofimova T.V., Saykova S.V., Karpov D.V., Chistyakov D.I., Pavlikov A.Yu. Optimization of conditions for obtaining stable hydrosols of magnetite nanoparticles. J. Siberian University. Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 13 (1). P. 99 –108.
9. Hasany S.F., Abdurahman N.H., Sunarti A.R., Jose R. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: chemical synthesis and application review. Current Nanoscience. 2013. Vol. 9. P. 561 – 575.
10. Nikiforov V.N. Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Science and technology in industry. 2011. No. 1. P. 90 – 99.
11. Yerasov V.S., Maltseva Yu.O. Production of chitosan sulfate nanoparticles in an aqueous medium and their colloidal protection with polysaccharides. Fine chemical technologies. 2024. Vol. 19 (2). P. 111 – 126.
12. Yerasov V.S., Maltseva Yu.O. Adsorption of kappa-carrageenan on the surface of chitosan and its sulfate salt and stabilization of chitosan-sulfate nanoparticles by it. Chemical Bulletin. 2023. Vol. 6 (2). P. 5 – 18.
13. El-Shamy O.A.A., El-Azabawy R.E., El-Azabawy O.E. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Alginate Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Nickel and Cobalt Ion Adsorption from Wasterwater. J. Na-nomaterials. 2019. P. 1 – 8.
14. González-Martínez E., Pérez A.G., Martínez D.A.G., Águila C.R.D., Urbina E.C., Ramírez D.U., Madeira H.Y. Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles; exploring their potentialities for DNA and Cu(II) recovery. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 2020. P. 103 – 106.
15. Bibik E.E. Colloidal solutions and suspensions: a guide to action. St. Petersburg: Profession, 2017. 252 p.
16. Shtilman M.I. (ed.) Technology of polymers for medical and biological purposes: a tutorial. Moscow: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2015. 328 p.
17. Kovalenko A.S., Shilova O.A., Nikolaev A.M., Myakin S.V. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of aqueous suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides of different phase compositions. Colloid Journal. 2023. Vol. 85 (3). P. 319 – 327.
18. Gzogyan S.R. Study of the surface state of magnetite and quartz in a ferromagnetic suspension. Mining In-formation and Analytical Bulletin. 2019. Vol. 5. P. 189 – 199.
19. Linnikov O.D. Regularities of chromium (VI) ion sorption by magnetite (review). 2021. Vol. 57 (2). P. 115 – 140.
Erasov V.S., Zhu Ts., Shaposhnikov P.A. Colloidal protection of magnetite hydrosols with polysaccharides. Chem-ical Bulletin. 2025. 8 (3). 2. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2025-8-3-2