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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prospects of using rice husk ash for the production of calcium-magnesium silicates and to identify differences in the solid-phase synthesis processes of wollastonite and diopside based on rice husk ash.
Methods. X-ray quantitative phase analysis was used to analyse the obtained samples of synthetic wollastonite and diopside. The porosity of calcium-magnesium silicates was evaluated by a static volumetric method using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using an Oxford INCA X-max 80 energy dispersive detector, and electron microscopic analysis was performed using a Jeol JSM7001F scanning microscope.
Results. Experimental data comparing the properties of synthesized diopside and wollastonite showed that wollastonite is characterized by high porosity and average particle size compared to diopside due to the lower temperature of solid-phase synthesis. The structure of synthetic wollastonite is distinguished by the presence of large irregularly shaped inclusions with a small amount of needle-like particles, while synthesized diopside does not contain needle-like particles, and the inclusions are characterized by smaller size and uniform distribution throughout the volume.
Conclusions. When obtaining calcium-magnesium silicates by solid-phase synthesis based on rice husk ash, the yield of the final product synthetic diopside is significantly higher than that of synthetic wollastonite. The process of synthesizing diopside is less labor-intensive and time-consuming, but more energy-intensive due to the higher synthesis temperature of diopside.
Methods. X-ray quantitative phase analysis was used to analyse the obtained samples of synthetic wollastonite and diopside. The porosity of calcium-magnesium silicates was evaluated by a static volumetric method using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using an Oxford INCA X-max 80 energy dispersive detector, and electron microscopic analysis was performed using a Jeol JSM7001F scanning microscope.
Results. Experimental data comparing the properties of synthesized diopside and wollastonite showed that wollastonite is characterized by high porosity and average particle size compared to diopside due to the lower temperature of solid-phase synthesis. The structure of synthetic wollastonite is distinguished by the presence of large irregularly shaped inclusions with a small amount of needle-like particles, while synthesized diopside does not contain needle-like particles, and the inclusions are characterized by smaller size and uniform distribution throughout the volume.
Conclusions. When obtaining calcium-magnesium silicates by solid-phase synthesis based on rice husk ash, the yield of the final product synthetic diopside is significantly higher than that of synthetic wollastonite. The process of synthesizing diopside is less labor-intensive and time-consuming, but more energy-intensive due to the higher synthesis temperature of diopside.
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15. Tverdov I.D., Yamaleeva E.S., Gotlib E.M., Kholin K.V., Sultanov T.P. Study of phase transformations in the process of solid-phase synthesis of diopside based on rice husk ash. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies (VSUET). 2024. Vol. 86. No. 2. P. 277 – 283. https://doi.org/ 10.20914/2310-1202-2024-2-277-283
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17. Gotlib E.M., Ha Thi Nha Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Tran, Thi Phuong, Tran Thi Thanh Thao Tổng hôp wollastonite tren co so tro trau ung dung lam chat don trong nhu'a epoxy va mot so tinh chat cua chung. Journal analytical sciences. 2022. Vol. 27. No. 1.
18. Sokolova A.G., Gabdulkhaev K.R., Gotlib E.M. Properties and phase composition of silicate fillers obtained on the basis of various rice husk processing products. Fire and explosion safety. 2025. Vol. 34. No. 1. P. 32 – 39. https://doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2025.34.01.32-39
19. Tverdov I.D., Sokolova A.G., Gotlib E.M. Effect of boric acid content on the phase composition of calcium-magnesium silicates based on carbonized rice husk. Forging and stamping production. Material pressure processing. 2025. No. 2. P. 24 – 27.
20. Sokolova A.G., Gotlib E.M. Synthetic wollastonite and diopside based on rice husk ash as fillers for epoxy composite materials. Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University. 2025. No. 3 (53). P. 34 – 42.
2. Danilova S.N., Yarusova S.B., Buravlev I.Yu., Sleptsova S.A., Ignatieva E.G., Yagofarov V.Yu., Godienko P.S., Okhlopkova A.A. Modification of UHMWPE with wollastonite synthesized from boron production waste. Polymer materials and technologies. 2021 Vol. 7. No. 1 P. 71 – 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8052480
3. Korobshchikova TS, Orlova NA Study of the granulometric composition of wollastonite from the Sinyukhinskoye deposit and its influence on the properties of filled polymer composites. Paints and varnishes and their application. 2010. No. 5. P. 26 – 29.
4. Karionova NP, Vakalova TV Processes of solid-phase synthesis of wollastonite based on natural and technogenic raw materials. New refractories. 2009. No. 1. P. 18 – 225.
5. Bozadjiev L., Doncheva L. Method for Diopside Synthesis. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 2006. No. 41 (2). P. 125 – 128.
6. Fiocco L., Elsayed H., Ferroni L., Bernardo E. Bioactive Wollastonite-Diopside Foams from Preceramic Polymers and Reactive Oxide Fillers. Materials. 2015. No. 8 (5). P. 2480 – 2494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8052480
7. Hamisah I., Roslinda S., Muhammad A.H., Azman J. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Wol-lastonite from Rice Husk Ash and Limestone. Materials Science Forum. 2013. Vol. 756. No. 5. P. 27 – 34. https://doi.org/ 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.756.43
8. Srinath P.A., Azeem P.V., Reddy K., Chiranjeevi R.V., Prasada R.R. A novel cost-effective approach to fabricate diopside bioceramics for orthopedic applications. Advanced powder technology. 2021. Vol. 32. No. 3. P. 875 – 884. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.038
9. Gottlieb E.M., Tverdov I.D., Yamaleeva E.S., Kha T.N.F. Optimization of the temperature for producing synthetic wollatonite based on rice husk. Butlerov Communications. 2020. Vol. 63. No. 8. P. 18 – 23. https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-jbc-01/20-63-8-18
10. Tverdov I.D, Dutova V.S, Gotlib E.M., Galimov E.R. Wollastonite and diopside containing fillers of epoxy polymers based on carbonized rice. Proceedings of the International Conference “Scientific research of the SCO countries: synergy and integration” – Reports in English. P. 119 – 124 (November 6, 2024 Beijing, PRC). ISBN 978-5-905695
11. Pham T.K., Tran T.T.L., Pham T.L.T., Tran P.Q.N., Nguyen H.T., Mohd M.A.B.A. A Novel Study on Using Vietnam Rice Hush Ash and Cullet as Environmental Materials. MATEC Web of Conferences 97. 2017. Vol. 97. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179701118
12. Le V.H., Thuc C.N.H., Thuc H.H. Synthesis of silica nanoparticles from Vietnamese rice husk by sol – gel method. Nanoscale Res Lett 8. 2013. Vol. 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-58
13. Ha Thi Nha Phuong Epoxy composites filled with natural wollastonite and synthetic calcium silicate based on rice husk ash, Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, 2021. 156 p.
14. Gotlib E.M., Phuong Ha Production of synthetic wollastonite using rice husk. Bulletin of the Technological University. 2019. Vol. 22. No. 7. P. 42 – 46.
15. Tverdov I.D., Yamaleeva E.S., Gotlib E.M., Kholin K.V., Sultanov T.P. Study of phase transformations in the process of solid-phase synthesis of diopside based on rice husk ash. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies (VSUET). 2024. Vol. 86. No. 2. P. 277 – 283. https://doi.org/ 10.20914/2310-1202-2024-2-277-283
16. Sobolev B.M., Kuriny V.V., Maryin S.B. Fundamentals of the technology of producing metals and alloys (production of iron, cast iron, and steel): a tutorial. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: FGBOU HPE “KnAGTU”. 2014. 168 p.
17. Gotlib E.M., Ha Thi Nha Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Tran, Thi Phuong, Tran Thi Thanh Thao Tổng hôp wollastonite tren co so tro trau ung dung lam chat don trong nhu'a epoxy va mot so tinh chat cua chung. Journal analytical sciences. 2022. Vol. 27. No. 1.
18. Sokolova A.G., Gabdulkhaev K.R., Gotlib E.M. Properties and phase composition of silicate fillers obtained on the basis of various rice husk processing products. Fire and explosion safety. 2025. Vol. 34. No. 1. P. 32 – 39. https://doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2025.34.01.32-39
19. Tverdov I.D., Sokolova A.G., Gotlib E.M. Effect of boric acid content on the phase composition of calcium-magnesium silicates based on carbonized rice husk. Forging and stamping production. Material pressure processing. 2025. No. 2. P. 24 – 27.
20. Sokolova A.G., Gotlib E.M. Synthetic wollastonite and diopside based on rice husk ash as fillers for epoxy composite materials. Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University. 2025. No. 3 (53). P. 34 – 42.
Sokolova A.G., Gotlib E.M. Comparison of the effectiveness of rice husk ash for solid phase synthesis of wollastonite and diopside. Chemical Bulletin. 2026. 9 (1). 1. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2026-9-1-1