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The relevance of the work is due to the need to replace expensive polymer modifiers and involve large-scale waste from the pulp and paper industry in the production of road construction materials. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the effect of various types of lignin and activation methods on the physico-mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen. Bitumen of the BND 100/130 brand was used in the work. Samples with the addition of pure lignin (0.3–0.7%), activated lignin, lignosulfonate, as well as complex formulations with the plasticizer ENMA and SBS polymer were studied. It has been shown that the introduction of pure lignin increases the softening temperature and aging resistance, but worsens the low-temperature properties and leads to heterogeneity of the system at concentrations above 0.7%. The activation of lignin increases its reactivity, allowing the introduction of a modifier without loss of uniformity. It has been established that the combined use of activated lignin with SBS and plasticizer provides an extension of the temperature range of working capacity. Rheological tests in accordance with GOST R 58400.1-2019 confirmed the increase of the PG grade from PG 58-28 (initial bitumen) to PG 70-34. The best set of properties is achieved by partially replacing SBS with activated lignin, which confirms the prospects of using lignin as an effective and environmentally friendly component of polymer-bitumen binders.
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32. Koroleva E.B., Zhigiley O.N., Kryazhev A.M., Sergienko O.I., Sokornova T.V. Best available technologies: experience and prospects. St. Petersburg, 2011. 123 p.
2. Emelyanycheva E.A., Abdullin A.I., Bashkirtseva N.Yu. Production of petroleum bitumen: a tutorial. Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan National Research Technological University, 2021. 120 p.
3. Kotenko N.P., Shcherba Yu.S., Evforitsky A.S. Influence of polymer and functional additives on the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete. Plastics. 2019. No. 11-12. P. 47 – 49.
4. Evdokimova N.G. Development of scientific and technological foundations for the production of modern bitumen materials as oil dispersed systems: dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. Moscow, 2015. 417 p.
5. Kotov S.V., Timofeeva G.V., Livanova S.V. Road bitumens with modifying additives. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 2003. No. 3. P. 52 – 53.
6. Aljubory A., Teama Z.T., Salman H.T., Abd Alkareem H.M. Effects of Cellulose Fibers on the Properties of Asphalt Mixtures. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021. Vol. 42. P. 2941 – 2947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.772
7. Kainth S., Sharma P., Pandey O.P. Green sorbents from agricultural wastes: A review of sustainable adsorption materials. Applied Surface Science Advances. 2024. Vol. 19. Article 100562.
8. Ijaz N., Dai F., Meng L., Rehman Z.U., Zhang H. Integrating Lignosulphonate and Hydrated Lime for the Amelioration of Expansive Soil: A Sustainable Waste Solution. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020. Vol. 254. Article 119985.
9. Cheng X., Palma B., Zhao H., Zhang H., Wang J., Chen Z., Hu J. Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review. ChemSusChem. 2023. Vol. 16. Article e202300675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202300675
10. Gülsoy S.K., Pekgözlü Kılıç A. Lignin // Classification and Molecule Weight. Ankara: Serüven Publishing, 2023. P. 131 – 153.
11. Shorygina N.N., Reznikov V.M., Elkin V.V. Reactivity of lignin. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. 368 p.
12. Chudakov M.I. Wood Chemistry. Vol. 1. Riga: Zinatne, 1968. P. 311.
13. Yu J., Vaidya M., Su G., Adhikari S., Korolev E., Shekhovtsova S. Experimental study of soda lignin powder as an asphalt modifier for a sustainable pavement material. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. Vol. 298. Article 123884.
14. Gaudenzi E., Cardone F., Lu X., Canestrari F. The use of lignin for sustainable asphalt pavements: A literature review. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 362. Article 129773.
15. Wu J., Liu Q., Wang C., Wu W., Han W. Investigation of Lignin as an Alternative Extender of Bitumen for Asphalt Pavements. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. Vol. 283. Article 124663.
16. Chen W.J., Yang S., Zhang Y., Wang Y.Y., Yuan T.Q., Sun R.C. Effect of alkaline preswelling on the structure of lignins from Eucalyptus. Scientific Reports. 2017. Vol. 7. Article 45752.
17. Ying W., Shi Z., Yang H. Effect of alkaline lignin modification on cellulase–lignin interactions and enzymatic saccharification yield. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 2018. Vol. 11. Article 214.
18. Jung W., Savithri D., Sharma-Shivappa R., Kolar P. Changes in Lignin Chemistry of Switchgrass due to Delignification by Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment. Energies. 2018. Vol. 11, No. 2. Article 376.
19. Mikova N.M., Ivanov I.P., Chesnokov N.V., Kuznetsov B.N. Study of thermal-alkaline activation of lignin from wheat straw, structure and properties of the resulting activated carbons. Chemistry of plant raw materials. 2014. No. 3. P. 227 – 234.
20. Yao H., You Z., Li L. Effects of alkali treatment on the structure and properties of lignin as a modifier for asphalt. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2013. Vol. 25. No. 11. P. 1682 – 1688.
21. Ghatak M.R., Roy P.K., De S. Alkali Treatment of Lignin: A Critical Review. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology. 2015. Vol. 35. P. 1 – 18.
22. Zhang X., Hassan M.M., Marasteanu M.O. Utilization of Alkali-Activated Lignin as a Sustainable Modifier for Asphalt Binders. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. Vol. 303. Article 124524.
23. Faizrakhmanova G.M., Ilyina O.N., Grachev A.N., Bashkirov V.N. Study of liquid products of fast pyrolysis of low-quality wood (bio-oil) as a complex additive for road-building materials. Bulletin of Kazan Technological University. 2011. No. 20. P. 213 – 216.
24. Sokolov N.A., Emelianycheva E.A., Vagapov B.R., Fattakhov D.A. Study of the influence of the content of various plasticizers on the main quality indicators of polymer-bitumen binders. Economics of Construction. 2025. No. 6. P. 627 – 629.
25. Technical surfactants from secondary resources in road construction. edited by I.V. Korolev. Moscow, 1991. 145 p.
26. Konyukhov V.Yu., Konovalov P.N., Suslov K.V., Vasilyeva K.S. Methods of Lignin Utilization and Main Applications. Youth Bulletin of Irkutsk State Technical University. 2015. No. 2. P. 20.
27. GOST R 58400.1–2019. Public Roads. Petroleum Bitumen Binders. PG Classification System. Moscow: Standartinform, 2019. 12 p.
28. GOST 11508–74. Petroleum Bitumens. Methods for Determining Bitumen Adhesion to Marble and Sand. Moscow: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 1999. 6 p.
29. Abramov E., Andeya M., Bubnov Yu. What is Sustainable Development. Different Views and Approaches [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://icsgroup.ru/library/publications/detail.php?ID=32686 (date of access: 16.03.2026)
30. Rebrik I.I., Kocheshkov A.Yu., Borisovskaya I.A. Best Available Technologies: Plans and Reality. Concept of the Transition to Standardization of Negative Impact on the Environment Based on BAT. InEkA ECObulletin. 2009. No. 3 (134).
31. Europe Modified Bitumen Market [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/ru/industry-reports/europe-modified-bitumen-market (date of access: 16.03.2026)
32. Koroleva E.B., Zhigiley O.N., Kryazhev A.M., Sergienko O.I., Sokornova T.V. Best available technologies: experience and prospects. St. Petersburg, 2011. 123 p.
Klebleeva A.Yu., Safarov A.A., Khmel A.M., Vagapov B.R. Influence of lignin and its activated forms on the physico-mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen. Chemical Bulletin. 2026. 9 (3). 1. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2026-9-3-1