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The objective of physicochemical analysis is to establish the dependence of the properties of an equilibrium system on its parameters. State parameters are typically understood to include composition, pressure, and temperature. These dependencies are expressed in various diagrams, including state-property parameters. In practice, the composition-property diagram is of great importance. Analysis of such a diagram provides information on the nature of component interactions, while the pressure and concentration of components provide information on the composition and stability of the chemical compounds formed in the system. The set of dependencies of all the properties of a uniform system as a function of parameters allows one to graphically depict a phase diagram and a state diagram. To examine each state diagram of a system, the concepts of phase, system, degree of freedom, component, constituent substance, and thermodynamic equilibrium are used.
Many issues related to the electrochemical synthesis of inorganic oxide bronzes are examined and resolved experimentally and in practice.
Based on experimental data for materials with regulated properties, the ISSs are studied. Based on the results of experimental studies, the first promising regions of the phase diagram for the synthesis of molybdenum-vanadium cesium bronzes have been obtained.
Many issues related to the electrochemical synthesis of inorganic oxide bronzes are examined and resolved experimentally and in practice.
Based on experimental data for materials with regulated properties, the ISSs are studied. Based on the results of experimental studies, the first promising regions of the phase diagram for the synthesis of molybdenum-vanadium cesium bronzes have been obtained.
1. Shestakov V.A. Graph theory and algebraic topology in the study of phase diagrams of multi-component condensed systems. Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2024. Vol. 73. No. 4. P. 751 – 760. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-024-4190-1
2. Aldabergenov M., Balakaeva G. Bifurcation and "self-organization" of a system. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, 2016. Vol. 123. No. 1. P. 012035. DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/123/1/012035
3. Rakhmatzhanov U.D., Mirzakulov K.C. Polythermal Solubility of the MgSO4–Na2SO4–H2O System. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 11. P. 1606 – 1610. DOI https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023623601642
4. Verdiev N.N. et al. Phase Equilibrium in the LiF–NaBr–Na3FSO4 System. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2026. Vol. 71. No. 3. P. 375 – 382. DOI https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023625604507
5. Zorzi J., Perottoni C. Reproducibility of some solid-state phase transition temperatures as obtained from DTA/DSC. Scientia cum Industria. 2023. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. e231101 – e231101. URL: https://sou.ucs.br/etc/revistas/index.php/scientiacumindustria/article/download/11899/6051
6. Storozhenko D. et al. Peculiarities of Chemical Interaction and Phase Setting in Water-Salt Systems of Nitrates of Cesium, Strontium and Neodymium. International Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018. Vol. 7. No. 4.8. P. 502 – 508. URL: https://reposit.nupp.edu.ua/files/original/24/5370/012217a402d908390a0b98e5bd8fb6a1af333675.pdf
7. Volkovich V.A., Griffiths T.R., Thied R.C. Treatment of molten salt wastes by phosphate precipitation: removal of fission product elements after pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels in chloride melts. Journal of nuclear Materials. 2003. Vol. 323. No. 1. P. 49 – 56. DOI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.024
8. Kurnakov N.S. Selected works. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. 565 p.
9. Gasanalieva P.N., Gasanaliev A.M., Omarova V.A., Gadzhieva G.M. Study of the properties of the four-component system LiNO3-KNO3-Sr(NO3)2-NaCI. News of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Natural and exact sciences. 2023. T. 17. No. 2. P. 5 – 10.
10. Egorova E.M., Garkushin I.K., Kondratyuk I.M., Tarasova O.A. Study of phase equilibria in the ternary systems RbCl–RbI–Rb2CrO4 and CsCl–CsI–Cs2CrO4. Russ. Russ. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 4. pp. 528 – 533.
11. Rudenko A.V., Redkin A.A., Pershina S.V., Ilyina E.A., Kataev A.A., Chernenkiy P.N., Zaykov Yu.P. Phase equilibria in the system (0.54NaF–0.46AlF3)eut–CaF2. Rasplavy. 2020. No. 5. P. 461 – 468.
12. Sukharenko M.A., Garkushin I.K., Osetrova Ya.S., Sysoeva M.V. Phase equilibria in the ternary system CsCl-CsBr-CsMoO4 and elements of its boundary. Condensed matter and interphase boundaries. 2017. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 120 – 125.
13. Istoma M.A., Garkushin I.K. Ternary reciprocal system Li+, K+||Br, WO4. Inorganic materials. 2023. Vol. 59. No. 7. P. 822 – 829.
14. Bazarova Zh.G., Logvinova A.V., Bazarov B.G., Phase formation in the RB2MOO4-R2(MOO4)3-ZR(MOO4)2 (R. - AL, FE, CR, Y) system. Inorganic materials. 2020. Vol. 56. No. 12. P. 1350 – 1355.
15. Rasulov A.I., Kochkarov Zh.A., Katardov A.K. Chemical synthesis of strontium molybdate in ionic melts of the ME,SRIICL,MOO4 (ME = LI, NA, OR K) three-component reciprocal systems. Reports Physical Chemistry 2024. Vol. 517. No. 1-2. P. 124 – 127.
16. Demina M.A., Egorova E.M., Garkushin I.K., Burchakov A.V., Ignatyeva E.O. Phase equilibria in the ternary system NaCl – NaBr-Na2CrO4. Russ. 2021. Vol. 95. No. 6. P. 955 – 957.
17. Garkushin I.K. Frolov E.I., Syrova V.I. The RbF–RbBr–Rb2SO4 System. A System for Studying Phase Equilibria in a Three-Component Reciprocal System. Russ. Zhurnal Inorganicheskoy Chem. 2018. No. 5. Vol. 63. P. 640 – 644.
18. Cherkesov Z.A., Kushkhov H.B., Kyarov A.A. Synthesis of Lead Tungstate in Melts of the (Li2WO4-Na2WO4)eut-PbSO4 System. Russ. Russ. 2023. No. 5. P. 513 – 524.
19. Sysoev M.A. Preparation, X-ray diffraction and dielectric studies of single crystals of the Pb5WO8 phase of the PbO-WO3 system. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 1. P. 34 – 46.
20. Egorova A.S. Phase equilibria in the stable triangle NaF-Na3CIMoO4- Na3CIWO4 of the quaternary system NaF-NaCl-Na2MoO4-Na2WO4. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 12. P. 1792 – 1798.
21. Matveev A. A. Phase equilibria in the quaternary system NaF-NaCl-Na2MoO4- Na2WO4. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2024. Vol. 6, No. 7. P. 1045 – 1051.
22. Gasanaliev A.M., Gasanaliev P.N., Rasulov A.I. Experimental study of electrical conductivity of melts of the MPO3(M2WO4)-V2O5(M-NA, K) systems. Russ. J. Physical Chem. 2025. Vol. 99. No. 8. P. 1258 – 1262.
23. Hasanaliev A.M., Hasanalieva P.N., Rasulov A.I. Experimental study of electrical conductivity of MPO3(M2WO4)-V2O5 (M= NA, K) melts. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2025. Vol. 99. No. 7. P. 1657 – 1660.
2. Aldabergenov M., Balakaeva G. Bifurcation and "self-organization" of a system. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, 2016. Vol. 123. No. 1. P. 012035. DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/123/1/012035
3. Rakhmatzhanov U.D., Mirzakulov K.C. Polythermal Solubility of the MgSO4–Na2SO4–H2O System. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 11. P. 1606 – 1610. DOI https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023623601642
4. Verdiev N.N. et al. Phase Equilibrium in the LiF–NaBr–Na3FSO4 System. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2026. Vol. 71. No. 3. P. 375 – 382. DOI https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023625604507
5. Zorzi J., Perottoni C. Reproducibility of some solid-state phase transition temperatures as obtained from DTA/DSC. Scientia cum Industria. 2023. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. e231101 – e231101. URL: https://sou.ucs.br/etc/revistas/index.php/scientiacumindustria/article/download/11899/6051
6. Storozhenko D. et al. Peculiarities of Chemical Interaction and Phase Setting in Water-Salt Systems of Nitrates of Cesium, Strontium and Neodymium. International Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018. Vol. 7. No. 4.8. P. 502 – 508. URL: https://reposit.nupp.edu.ua/files/original/24/5370/012217a402d908390a0b98e5bd8fb6a1af333675.pdf
7. Volkovich V.A., Griffiths T.R., Thied R.C. Treatment of molten salt wastes by phosphate precipitation: removal of fission product elements after pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels in chloride melts. Journal of nuclear Materials. 2003. Vol. 323. No. 1. P. 49 – 56. DOI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.024
8. Kurnakov N.S. Selected works. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. 565 p.
9. Gasanalieva P.N., Gasanaliev A.M., Omarova V.A., Gadzhieva G.M. Study of the properties of the four-component system LiNO3-KNO3-Sr(NO3)2-NaCI. News of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Natural and exact sciences. 2023. T. 17. No. 2. P. 5 – 10.
10. Egorova E.M., Garkushin I.K., Kondratyuk I.M., Tarasova O.A. Study of phase equilibria in the ternary systems RbCl–RbI–Rb2CrO4 and CsCl–CsI–Cs2CrO4. Russ. Russ. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 4. pp. 528 – 533.
11. Rudenko A.V., Redkin A.A., Pershina S.V., Ilyina E.A., Kataev A.A., Chernenkiy P.N., Zaykov Yu.P. Phase equilibria in the system (0.54NaF–0.46AlF3)eut–CaF2. Rasplavy. 2020. No. 5. P. 461 – 468.
12. Sukharenko M.A., Garkushin I.K., Osetrova Ya.S., Sysoeva M.V. Phase equilibria in the ternary system CsCl-CsBr-CsMoO4 and elements of its boundary. Condensed matter and interphase boundaries. 2017. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 120 – 125.
13. Istoma M.A., Garkushin I.K. Ternary reciprocal system Li+, K+||Br, WO4. Inorganic materials. 2023. Vol. 59. No. 7. P. 822 – 829.
14. Bazarova Zh.G., Logvinova A.V., Bazarov B.G., Phase formation in the RB2MOO4-R2(MOO4)3-ZR(MOO4)2 (R. - AL, FE, CR, Y) system. Inorganic materials. 2020. Vol. 56. No. 12. P. 1350 – 1355.
15. Rasulov A.I., Kochkarov Zh.A., Katardov A.K. Chemical synthesis of strontium molybdate in ionic melts of the ME,SRIICL,MOO4 (ME = LI, NA, OR K) three-component reciprocal systems. Reports Physical Chemistry 2024. Vol. 517. No. 1-2. P. 124 – 127.
16. Demina M.A., Egorova E.M., Garkushin I.K., Burchakov A.V., Ignatyeva E.O. Phase equilibria in the ternary system NaCl – NaBr-Na2CrO4. Russ. 2021. Vol. 95. No. 6. P. 955 – 957.
17. Garkushin I.K. Frolov E.I., Syrova V.I. The RbF–RbBr–Rb2SO4 System. A System for Studying Phase Equilibria in a Three-Component Reciprocal System. Russ. Zhurnal Inorganicheskoy Chem. 2018. No. 5. Vol. 63. P. 640 – 644.
18. Cherkesov Z.A., Kushkhov H.B., Kyarov A.A. Synthesis of Lead Tungstate in Melts of the (Li2WO4-Na2WO4)eut-PbSO4 System. Russ. Russ. 2023. No. 5. P. 513 – 524.
19. Sysoev M.A. Preparation, X-ray diffraction and dielectric studies of single crystals of the Pb5WO8 phase of the PbO-WO3 system. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 1. P. 34 – 46.
20. Egorova A.S. Phase equilibria in the stable triangle NaF-Na3CIMoO4- Na3CIWO4 of the quaternary system NaF-NaCl-Na2MoO4-Na2WO4. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 68. No. 12. P. 1792 – 1798.
21. Matveev A. A. Phase equilibria in the quaternary system NaF-NaCl-Na2MoO4- Na2WO4. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2024. Vol. 6, No. 7. P. 1045 – 1051.
22. Gasanaliev A.M., Gasanaliev P.N., Rasulov A.I. Experimental study of electrical conductivity of melts of the MPO3(M2WO4)-V2O5(M-NA, K) systems. Russ. J. Physical Chem. 2025. Vol. 99. No. 8. P. 1258 – 1262.
23. Hasanaliev A.M., Hasanalieva P.N., Rasulov A.I. Experimental study of electrical conductivity of MPO3(M2WO4)-V2O5 (M= NA, K) melts. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2025. Vol. 99. No. 7. P. 1657 – 1660.
Gasanaliev A.M., Gasanalieva P.N., Rasulov A.I., Alieva P.S. Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study of the CsCl−Cs2MoO4−WO3 Ternary System. Chemical Bulletin. 2026. 9 (3). 2. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2026-9-3-2