The information about the presence of heavy metals in the environment was summarized. It is noted that most of them are extremely toxic, even in residues. According to the basis from various literary sources, data are presented on the properties of heavy metals to influence physical and chemical and biological interfacial interactions. It is shown that soil minerals play an important role in accelerating the abiotic processes of polymerization and polycondensation of organic compounds. At the same time, oxides of aluminum, iron and manganese are the most reactive catalysts for the conversion of many organic compounds due to their high oxidation potentials, high specific surface area and surface reactivity. Heavy metals can enter the body during breathing. When entering it heavy metals can cause various health damage including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, abortions, neurological and visual damage, a negative effect on the immune system, allergies, cardiovascular diseases and anemia. An important way for heavy metals to enter the body is through drinking water. The third way is through food with a high content of heavy metals. It is obvious that there is the urgent need to reduce the mass of heavy metals entering the environment, in water bodies with sewage in particular.