Voronina Yu.S.

Postgraduate, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION

Abstract
The information about the presence of heavy metals in the environment was summarized. It is noted that most of them are extremely toxic, even in residues. According to the basis from various literary sources, data are presented on the properties of heavy metals to influence physical and chemical and biological interfacial interactions. It is shown that soil minerals play an important role in accelerating the abiotic processes of polymerization and polycondensation of organic compounds. At the same time, oxides of aluminum, iron and manganese are the most reactive catalysts for the conversion of many organic compounds due to their high oxidation potentials, high specific surface area and surface reactivity. Heavy metals can enter the body during breathing. When entering it heavy metals can cause various health damage including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, abortions, neurological and visual damage, a negative effect on the immune system, allergies, cardiovascular diseases and anemia. An important way for heavy metals to enter the body is through drinking water. The third way is through food with a high content of heavy metals. It is obvious that there is the urgent need to reduce the mass of heavy metals entering the environment, in water bodies with sewage in particular.
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PURIFICATION OF STARCH-CONTAINING WASTEWATER

Abstract
The paper considers the possibility of purification of starch-containing wastewater by thermally modified waste of sugar production – saturation sediment. Starchy wastewaters with a large amount of organic compounds quickly rot, create a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms, so these waters should be subjected to deep purification. Thermo-modified saturation residue (TMSR) is a fine black powder, the main component of which is CaCO3, formed during the chemical reaction between Ca (OH)2 and CO2 in saturation columns in the process of diffusion beet juicetreatment in sugar production. CaCO3 acts as a basis for the carbon layer, which covers the surface of the particles and formed during the calcination of TMSR through carbonization of organic substances contained in the original saturation sediment. The authors investigated the effect of some technological factors on the purification efficiency. It was established that 40 minutes at a temperature of the reaction medium of 20-30°C is sufficient for flow of the process. The purification efficiency of starchy wastewater systems reaches 88%.
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PURIFICATION OF OILY EMULSIONS WITH LEAF LITTER OF CHERRY AND ROWAN

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of using leaf litter of cherries and Rowan, widely grown in Russia, for the extraction of oil of industrial grade I-20A from aqueous media. The sorption properties of cherry leaf litter and Rowan leaf litter were also studied. The bulk density, granulometric composition, humidity, pH of the aqueous extract and losses during the calcination of CLL and RLL were determined. High efficiency of purification of water-oil emulsions is established.
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