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Svyatchenko A.V.

Postgraduate, Assistant Professor, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

NICKEL IONS ADSORPTION BY THERMOMODIFIED FALLEN LEAVES OF CHESTNUT

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 48-59 p.
Abstract
In recent years, the attention of researchers has been attracted by industrial and agricultural waste, which can be used as sorption materials. A special group is made up of lignocellulose-containing components of woody biomass (leaves, bark, needles, fruits, etc.) and wood processing products (sawdust, shavings, chips, etc.). Advantages of using the latter as reagents for wastewater treatment include simple technique, small processing, good adsorption capacity, selective adsorption of heavy metal ions, low cost, free availability and easy regeneration. Trees foliage attracts attention аmong the components of the woody biomass, it has a large specific surface area and falls annually under the conditions of the Russian Federation, which facilitates its collection and use.
Nickel ions are one of the most toxic pollutants that enter water bodies with industrial wastewater. The infor-mation on the nickel compounds toxic effect on living organisms is briefly presented. In this work, we studied the sorption properties of chestnut fallen leaves (CFL) in relation to nickel ions. The sorption capacity maximum value of the thermally modified CFL at a temperature of 250° C (CFL250) is 1.3 mmol / g for nickel ions. By processing the obtained isotherm within the framework of the Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Dubinin-Radushkevich sorption models, it was found that the adsorption process is most accurately described by the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9912). The calculated Gibbs energy is equal to -7.86 kJ / mol, it indicates the occurrence of spontaneous physical adsorption of Ni2 + ions on the CFL250 surface.
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INTENSIFICATION OF THE COAGULATING SUSPENSION EFFECT ON THE EMULSION OF LIPID CONCENTRATE IN WATER

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 77-85 p.
Abstract
The coagulation treatment method is widely used for the effluents of various origins treatment. Substances-coagulants disrupt colloidal formations and contribute to the small particles aggregation, which leads to their precipitation and, as a consequence, a decrease in the organic substances content and the solution turbidity. The most widely used for this purpose are coagulants based on iron and aluminum. The Hermetia illucens insect is increasingly used to obtain chemical raw materials and valuable feed products for the poultry and fish cultivation. Production processes generate effluents contaminated with biodegradable substances, including components of larval fat. In this work, it was studied the coagulation purification possibility of fat-containing effluents from the production of lipid concentrate from the Hermetia illucens fly larvae by a coagulating suspension obtained from the electric arc steel-making furnaces dust, together with a co-coagulant – chestnut leaves carbonized at 400° C, which were used to increase the number of coagulation centers in the system.
The use of a coagulating suspension in the purification of model emulsions gives a low clarification effect (49% with the addition of 0.2 cm3 per 100 cm3 of the emulsion). It was found that the addition of finely dispersed carbon-ized leaves can significantly increase the cleaning efficiency. The best result was obtained by adding the carbonized chestnut leaves in an amount of 0.3 g together with 0.2 cm3 of suspension per 100 cm3 of liquid, while the clarification efficiency of the lipid concentrate model emulsion was 98%, at a pH of 8.
The main stage of coagulation occurs in the first 40 minutes of interaction, after which no changes are observed in the state of the system under study.
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STUDY OF AGGREGATIVE STABILITY OF LIPID CONCENTRATE PRODUCTION MODEL WASTE WATER AND POSSIBILITY OF ITS PURIFICATION BY SORPTION METHOD

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 17-28 p.
Abstract
In the Belgorod region, work is underway to create the first high-tech large-scale production of lipid concentrate and animal protein from the larvae of the Black Soldier fly Hermetia illucens in Russia. The lipid concentrate emulsifies well in tap water, which indicates the presence of substances in it that do not belong to triglycerides of fatty acids. Obviously, it contains impurities of compounds present in the larval biomass - protein compounds and their decay products, phospholipids, etc., which can play the role of surfactants. This paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of fat-containing wastewater purification using a sorption material obtained by leaf litter of the horse chestnut genus (Aésculus hippocastanum L.) carbonization. It was found that the lipid concentrate is easily emulsified, both in pure form and in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate. The resulting emulsions are highly resistant to degradation. It was found that the presence of the surfactant in an amount of 0.01 g/l improves the purification efficiency in the process of the model emulsion adsorption treatment. The addition of 0.6 g of the material allows to reach 92% purification, and with the addition of 1.5 g the efficiency is 98%. Similar amounts of sorbent in a pure emulsion make it possible to achieve values of only 35% and 88%, respectively. When finely dispersed particles of inorganic substances are added to an aqueous medium, the suspension effect is often observed, which manifests itself in the difference between the pH values of the suspension and the filtrate. The results of studies of the amount of added sorbent effect on pH changes in suspensions and filtrates showed that the complex «lipid micelle + sorbent» has a positive charge, and in the presence of the surfactant the charge retains a positive value, but is very close to neutral. An approach to the isoelectric point is observed.
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SORPTION PROPERTIES OF SYCAMORE LEAF LITTER IN RELATION TO METHYLENE BLUE DYE

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 5-13 p.
Abstract
Dyes are one of the widespread and hazardous contaminants that enter water bodies with wastewater. Reagent precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation, flotation, and other methods are used to remove dyes from aqueous environment. At the same time, sorption treatment is one of the most effective. The authors proposed to use sycamore leaves biomass for the dye "Methylene blue" extraction from aqueous environment. To investigate the process of adsorption of methylene blue by the leaves biomass, the sorption capacity of the material has been es-tablished; it is shown that the adsorption process is best described by the Freundlich model with a correlation co-efficient R2 = 0.9537.
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STUDYING THE PROCESS OF OIL-CONTAINING EMULSION PURIFICATION BY MEANS OF EXPERIMENT PLANNING METHOD

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 19-30 p.
Abstract
The process of oil-containing emulsion purification with chestnut tree waste (CTW) is considered. The factors influencing the process of purification with the application of a full factorial experiment are established. The mathematical model obtained under carrying out a full factorial experiment has the form of a linear equation. The results of the calculation are comparable with the results of the experiment. The data obtained allow conducting a process of water purification at optimal values of technological parameters.
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THE USE OF PEANUT PROCESSING WASTE AS A SORPTION MATERIAL

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 40-49 p.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study of the possibility of using peanuts waste processing as a sorption material. The literature data on the use of numerous materials as sorbents are given. Physico-chemical and structural-morphological features of peanut shells were investigated. The object of the study was methylene blue dye as a widely known and used substance, and the sorption capacity for methylene blue is an important characteristic of industrial sorbents. The adsorption capacity of the material is calculated and the adsorption isotherm is constructed. The sorption capacity of the original peanut shell by methylene blue was 0.22 mmol/g.
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