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Sverguzova S.V.

Doctor of Engineering Sciences (Advanced Doctor), Professor, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

REMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH Cd2+ IONS BY ZOO COMPOST AFTER CULTIVATION OF HERMETIA ILLUCENS FLY LARVAE

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 34-45 p.
Abstract
One of the most toxic substances entering the soil due to anthropogenic impact is cadmium (Cd). When growing agricultural plants on soils contaminated with cadmium, it is possible for cadmium to enter the human body through food chains, which can cause numerous disturbances in the work of various body systems. In order to reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals on environmental objects, soil remediation is necessary. One of the types of remediation is a decrease in the mobility of pollutants and a decrease in their activity. In this paper, the possibil-ity of reducing the mobility of Cd2+ ions by adding zoo compost to contaminated soils after cultivating larvae of the “Black Soldier” fly (Hermetia illucens) was investigated. It was found that the content of Cd2+ ions in the mobile form in soils with the addition of zookompost significantly decreases compared to the control (up to 73.3% with a zookompost content of 2.5%). The sorption capacity of the zoo compost with respect to Cd2+ ions was determined, which is 0.12 mmol/g. The resulting sorption isotherm was processed within the framework of the monomolecular sorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich. The values of sorption energy and Gibbs energy are calculated, the values of which indicate the course of spontaneous physical adsorption with chemisorption ele-ments.
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INTENSIFICATION OF THE COAGULATING SUSPENSION EFFECT ON THE EMULSION OF LIPID CONCENTRATE IN WATER

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 77-85 p.
Abstract
The coagulation treatment method is widely used for the effluents of various origins treatment. Substances-coagulants disrupt colloidal formations and contribute to the small particles aggregation, which leads to their precipitation and, as a consequence, a decrease in the organic substances content and the solution turbidity. The most widely used for this purpose are coagulants based on iron and aluminum. The Hermetia illucens insect is increasingly used to obtain chemical raw materials and valuable feed products for the poultry and fish cultivation. Production processes generate effluents contaminated with biodegradable substances, including components of larval fat. In this work, it was studied the coagulation purification possibility of fat-containing effluents from the production of lipid concentrate from the Hermetia illucens fly larvae by a coagulating suspension obtained from the electric arc steel-making furnaces dust, together with a co-coagulant – chestnut leaves carbonized at 400° C, which were used to increase the number of coagulation centers in the system.
The use of a coagulating suspension in the purification of model emulsions gives a low clarification effect (49% with the addition of 0.2 cm3 per 100 cm3 of the emulsion). It was found that the addition of finely dispersed carbon-ized leaves can significantly increase the cleaning efficiency. The best result was obtained by adding the carbonized chestnut leaves in an amount of 0.3 g together with 0.2 cm3 of suspension per 100 cm3 of liquid, while the clarification efficiency of the lipid concentrate model emulsion was 98%, at a pH of 8.
The main stage of coagulation occurs in the first 40 minutes of interaction, after which no changes are observed in the state of the system under study.
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THE USAGE OF VEGETABLE SORBENT FOR REMOVING CONGO RED DYE FROM TEST SOLUTIONS

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 44-55 p.
Abstract
The research findings of sorption purification of test water environment, containing Congo red dye, by using this crop farming waste as a sorption material have indicated that the maximum sorption capacity of its biomass amounts to 0.37 mmol/g. The electronic microscopy data and the research findings of physical-chemical and sorp-tion properties of a new vegetable sorption material, obtained from sunflower (Heliánthus ánnuus) stalks, are presented. The processing of the data demonstrated that the obtained adsorption isotherm of Congo red belongs to Type V isotherms according to classification by Brunauer-Deming-Deming-Teller (BDDT) or to the S-type, according to Giles’ classification. With that, adsorption process is the most accurately described by the Freundlich model, and the process proceeds on the heterogeneous surface of the sorption material.
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SORPTION PROPERTIES OF SYCAMORE LEAF LITTER IN RELATION TO METHYLENE BLUE DYE

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 5-13 p.
Abstract
Dyes are one of the widespread and hazardous contaminants that enter water bodies with wastewater. Reagent precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation, flotation, and other methods are used to remove dyes from aqueous environment. At the same time, sorption treatment is one of the most effective. The authors proposed to use sycamore leaves biomass for the dye "Methylene blue" extraction from aqueous environment. To investigate the process of adsorption of methylene blue by the leaves biomass, the sorption capacity of the material has been es-tablished; it is shown that the adsorption process is best described by the Freundlich model with a correlation co-efficient R2 = 0.9537.
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SULFURIC ACID MODIFIED SAWDUST OF ACACIA AURICULARIS (ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS) FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER FROM COPPER IONS (II)

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 12-23 p.
Abstract
Modified sorption materials based on acacia sawdust (Acacia Auriculiformis) were obtained by treating their surface with low-concentration sulfuric acid solutions with concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. According to IR spectra, diffractograms, micrographs and histograms of the distribution of surface roughness of native and sulfuric acid-modified acacia sawdust, it was found that surface treatment of the sawdust with acid solutions leads to a change in the structure of the sorption material, namely, leaching of low molecular weight components from the composition of acacia wood. The regularities of the processes of adsorption of Cu2+ ions by native and sulfuric acid modified acacia filings under static conditions were studied. Using the obtained values of the initial and equi-librium concentrations of copper (II) ions in solutions, the sorption capacities of the materials were calculated and the adsorption isotherms of Cu2+ ions were constructed using native and modified acacia filings. Processing acacia sawdust with sulfuric acid solutions leads to an increase in the sorption capacity for copper ions, while the greatest sorption capacity is observed in the case of acacia sawdust treated with a 3% sulfuric acid solution. By processing the obtained sorption isotherms in the framework of the monomolecular models of Langmuir, Freindlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin, the regression equations and approximation coefficients are determined. It was revealed that the processes of adsorption of Cu2+ ions by native and modified acacia sawdust with a 3% sulfuric acid solu-tion are best described by the Langmuir model, and the processes of copper ion adsorption by acacia sawdust mod-ified by 1% and 2% sulfuric acid solutions are described by the Freindlich model. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption processes are calculated, from the values of which it is determined that all the studied processes belong to the processes of physical adsorption. By processing the kinetic dependences of the processes within the framework of the diffusion adsorption model, we calculated the Bio coefficients for the sorption processes of Cu2+ ions by native and modified acacia filings, the values of which determined the limiting stages of the processes (mixed diffusion).
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COMPARISON OF SORPTION PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND HEAT-TREATED PEANUT PEEL AGAINST NICKEL IONS

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 4-9 p.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigating the possibility of increasing the sorption capacity of peanut peel after heat treatment at 300°C for 30 minutes. World peanut production is about 40 million tons for 2017-2018. The peel remaining after peanut processing is not used and it is unused waste. For research peanuts were taken growing in the valley of Aleppo (Syria). It was established that after heat treatment, the peanut peel surface becomes more prominent, which improves its sorption properties. During the heat treatment, the charring of the plant fibers that make up the peel occurs, as a result of which the surface of the material is covered with a layer of soot and becomes black. The black color has the greatest intensity during heat treatment at 300 oC. At lower roasting temperatures, the carbonization of the fibers is insufficient.At higher temperatures, the carbon layer is burning with the formation of CO2.
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HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION

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 9-14 p.
Abstract
The information about the presence of heavy metals in the environment was summarized. It is noted that most of them are extremely toxic, even in residues. According to the basis from various literary sources, data are presented on the properties of heavy metals to influence physical and chemical and biological interfacial interactions. It is shown that soil minerals play an important role in accelerating the abiotic processes of polymerization and polycondensation of organic compounds. At the same time, oxides of aluminum, iron and manganese are the most reactive catalysts for the conversion of many organic compounds due to their high oxidation potentials, high specific surface area and surface reactivity. Heavy metals can enter the body during breathing. When entering it heavy metals can cause various health damage including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, abortions, neurological and visual damage, a negative effect on the immune system, allergies, cardiovascular diseases and anemia. An important way for heavy metals to enter the body is through drinking water. The third way is through food with a high content of heavy metals. It is obvious that there is the urgent need to reduce the mass of heavy metals entering the environment, in water bodies with sewage in particular.
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PURIFICATION OF STARCH-CONTAINING WASTEWATER

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 14-20 p.
Abstract
The paper considers the possibility of purification of starch-containing wastewater by thermally modified waste of sugar production – saturation sediment. Starchy wastewaters with a large amount of organic compounds quickly rot, create a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms, so these waters should be subjected to deep purification. Thermo-modified saturation residue (TMSR) is a fine black powder, the main component of which is CaCO3, formed during the chemical reaction between Ca (OH)2 and CO2 in saturation columns in the process of diffusion beet juicetreatment in sugar production. CaCO3 acts as a basis for the carbon layer, which covers the surface of the particles and formed during the calcination of TMSR through carbonization of organic substances contained in the original saturation sediment. The authors investigated the effect of some technological factors on the purification efficiency. It was established that 40 minutes at a temperature of the reaction medium of 20-30°C is sufficient for flow of the process. The purification efficiency of starchy wastewater systems reaches 88%.
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PURIFICATION OF OILY EMULSIONS WITH LEAF LITTER OF CHERRY AND ROWAN

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 4-10 p.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of using leaf litter of cherries and Rowan, widely grown in Russia, for the extraction of oil of industrial grade I-20A from aqueous media. The sorption properties of cherry leaf litter and Rowan leaf litter were also studied. The bulk density, granulometric composition, humidity, pH of the aqueous extract and losses during the calcination of CLL and RLL were determined. High efficiency of purification of water-oil emulsions is established.
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DUST WASTE FROM CONCRETE PRODUCTS PLANTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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 50-57 p.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of factors affecting the efficiency of water treatment from heavy metals with dust from bag filters from Belgorod, ZhBI-4. The dynamics of the amount of dust formation of bag filters is given in the paper. The granulometric and phase composition of dust is investigated. A description of the processes occurring when adding dust to the aquatic medium is presented. The effect of dust mass on the pH of the aquatic medium is studied. It was established that this dust can be used as an adsorbent for the waste water treatment from heavy metal ions. High efficiency of wastewater treatment with dust of plant "ZhBI-4" is proved. It is shown that with an increase in the mass of the BFD additive to 0.5 g per 100 dm3, the purification efficiency smoothly rises to 99.9% with the mass of BFD 0.5 g for Sorig = 20 mg / dm3 and 95.3% for Sorig = 10 mg / dm3 The nature of the curve, which reflects the dependence of the PH of the medium on the mass of BFD, is similar to the shape of the curve, which reflects the dependence of the pH of the medium on the mass of the BFD, which emphasizes the effect of the pH of the aqueous medium on the process of formation of Cu (OH)2 precipitate. However, at the same time, it should be noted that the process of treatment from Cu2+ ions also takes place in the range of lower pH values, which exclude the possibility of formation of Cu(OH)2 precipitate. Therefore, treatment can occur due to the adsorption of Cu2 + ions and their hydrolysis products [CuOH] + on the surface of the BFD.
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