Ilyina S.I.

Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

PREPARATION OF GLYCOLIC ACID USING ELECTRODIALYSIS

Abstract
Every day, more and more talk about the problem of ecology. Oddly enough, this problem will not lose its relevance for a long time. Modern life is impossible without chemistry: its processes and products are used by all industries: both extractive, and manufacturing, and agriculture, and the service sector. The depletion of natural resources and the problem of waste led science to the conclusion: humanity needs to radically change industrial technologies in order to preserve the planet. Chemistry has to become green – as wasteless and environmentally friendly as possible. Since every year there are more and more enterprises that harm nature. Accordingly, it is necessary to deal radically with this problem, which as a result can open up new ways for the development of all industry. In most cases, each industry has ways to reduce harmful emissions and harm to the environment. To this end, more and more "cleaner" ways of obtaining products are being developed. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for producing glycolic acid by electrodialysis. This method enables to obtain glycolic acid in industrial quantities with high product yield and minimal environmental damage. As a result of the study, the technological scheme of the plant for converting sodium glycolate to glycolic acid was developed, equipment was selected, on the basis of technical and economic analysis, the following were estimated: cost of product, profitability of production and payback period.
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APPLICATION OF ELECTRODIALYSIS FOR PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE FROM SEA WATER

Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide is an important component of many technological processes, it has found wide application in food, polymer, light industry, while synthetic magnesium hydroxide has a number of advantages over natural, namely, it has a higher decomposition onset temperature, there are no unwanted impurities in the structure product, it has a higher degree of whiteness, as well as the ability to change the specific surface area (activity) and dispersion of particles during synthesis during synthesis. The way of obtaining magnesium hydroxide by membrane methods can be called the most modern and modernized today, membrane technology is attractive for developers and investors: the processes of separation of liquid media proceed at temperatures close to the ambient tem-perature, their flow is controlled and predictable. At the same time, with regard to the production of electrolytes in modern chemical technology, electromembrane processes, in particular, electrodialysis, are widely used. It is pro-posed to use sea water as a raw material - a natural resource with a changing chemical and bacteriological com-position depending on the depth of sampling, temperature, and natural conditions. The technological scheme of production is represented by the main stage (two-stage fractional precipitation in a batch apparatus with a stirrer) and auxiliary equipment (ultrafiltration unit, bipolar electrodialysis unit, reverse osmosis unit, etc.); developed to separate magnesium hydroxide from seawater while simultaneously solving the problem of the implementation of intermediate products, which ensures care for the environment. The developed production of chemical reagents, in particular, magnesium hydroxide, implements the processes of fractional precipitation and electrodialysis. The re-sults of calculating the economic efficiency of the method indicate the quick payback of the project, the low cost of a kilogram of the target product.
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CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF SEPARATION OF MILK WHEY FOR ITS USE IN COSMETOLOGY

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of chemical and technological processes of production and processing of whey for the purposes of its use in cosmetology. The author indicates the relevance and significance of the research topic. The composition of whey is considered. Attention is focused on the fact that the components contained in it are raw materials for various cosmetics, in particular, shampoos. A comparative analysis of traditional and non-traditional methods of processing whey is carried out. The conclusion is made in favor of the latter and the thesis is argued that the promising technology for processing and further concentration of whey is precisely the membrane technology, which allows the processes to be carried out under sparing temperature conditions, without a phase transition and, accordingly, at the lowest energy costs. The use of membrane technologies leads to a reduction in the capital and operating costs of the enterprise, which, in turn, reduces the payback period of the equipment.
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