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Pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste is considered as a highly efficient and promising recycling method. The aim of this work is to investigate the pyrolysis kinetics using three model-free methods (Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) and two model-fitting methods (Arrhenius and Coates-Redfern). Thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermograms at 5, 10, 20 and 40 K min−1 showed a linear curve, which implies the first-order reactions. The kinetic parameter values (E_A and A) of LDPE were calculated at different conversions by three model-free methods, and the average values of activation energies obtained were in good agreement and ranged from 190.23 to 191.89 kJ/mol. These kinetic parameters were additionally calculated at different heating rates using the Arrhenius and Coates-Redfern methods.
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10. Najafi H., Rezaei Z. Laye, Sobati M.A. Deep insights on the Co-pyrolysis of tea stem and polyethylene ter-ephthalate (PET): Unveiling synergistic effects and detailed kinetic modeling. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2024. Vol. 12. No. 5. P. 11390611.
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14. Roy A., Panda S., Gupta J. Effects of interfacial interactions on structural, optical, thermal degradation properties and photocatalytic activity of low-density polyethylene/BaTiO3 nanocomposite. Polymer. 2023. Vol. 276. P. 12593215.
15. Shagali A.A., Hu S., Li H. Thermal behavior, synergistic effect and thermodynamic parameter evaluations of biomass/plastics co-pyrolysis in a concentrating photothermal TGA. Fuel. 2023. Vol. 331. P. 12572416.
16. Stanley J., Tarani E., Ainali N.M. Thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism of poly(ethylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) Nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Thermochimica Acta. 2024. Vol. 733. P. 17970017.
17. Tee M.Y., Wang D., Wong K.-L. Investigating waste valorization potential through the co-pyrolysis of waste activated sludge and polyethylene terephthalate: Analysis on thermal degradation behavior, kinetic properties and by-products. Energy Conversion and Management. 2025. Vol. 325. P. 11941218.
18. Yousef S., Eimontas J., Meile K. Co-pyrolysis of Baltic wheat and low-density polyethylene bags and its ki-netic and thermodynamic behavior. Industrial Crops and Products. 2024. Vol. 218. P. 11897019.
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2. Abedeen A., Hossain M.S., Rahman A.N.M.M. and others. Characterization and energy recovery of fuels from medical waste via thermal pyrolysis. Heliyon. 2025. Vol. 11. No. 4. P. e425993.
3. Ai Z., Zhang W., Yang L. et al. Investigation and prediction of co-pyrolysis between oily sludge and high-density polyethylene via in-situ DRIFTS, TGA, and artificial neural network. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2022. Vol. 166. P. 1056104.
4. Altarawneh S., Al-Harahsheh M., Dodds C. et al. Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite. Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection. 2022. Vol. 168. P. 558 – 5695.
5. Aniśko-Michalak J., Kosmela P., Barczewski M. On the use of black tea waste as a functional filler for manu-facturing self-stabilizing polyethylene composites: In-depth thermal analysis. Industrial Crops and Products. 2025. Vol. 223. P. 1201816.
6. Chen B., Xie D., Jiang Y. Co-pyrolysis of corn stalk and high-density polyethylene with emphasis on the fi-brous tissue difference on thermal behavior and kinetics. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 957. P. 1778477.
7. Enyoh C.E., Ovuoraye P.E., Rabin M.H. Thermal degradation evaluation of polyethylene terephthalate mi-croplastics: Insights from kinetics and machine learning algorithms using non-isoconversional TGA data. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2024. Vol. 12. No. 2. P. 1119098.
8. Guo S., Wang Z., Chen G. Co-pyrolysis characteristics of forestry and agricultural residues and waste plastics: Thermal decomposition and products distribution. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2023. Vol. 177. P. 380 – 3909.
9. Mahapatra P.M., Pradhan D., Kumar S., Panda A.K. Influence of polypropylene and high-density polyeth-ylene on isothermal pyrolytic degradation of discarded bakelite: Kinetic analysis and batch pyrolysis studies. Pro-cess Safety and Environmental Protection. 2024. Vol. 191. P. 769 – 77910.
10. Najafi H., Rezaei Z. Laye, Sobati M.A. Deep insights on the Co-pyrolysis of tea stem and polyethylene ter-ephthalate (PET): Unveiling synergistic effects and detailed kinetic modeling. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2024. Vol. 12. No. 5. P. 11390611.
11. Natesakhawat S., Weidman J., Garcia S. et al. Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene: Degradation behav-iors, kinetics, and product characteristics. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2024. Vol. 116. P. 10173812.
12. Nazari M.A., Haydary J. Pyrolysis behavior of densified refuse-derived fuels (d-RDFs) via TGA: Investigat-ing the impact of densification degree on thermal kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2024. Vol. 115. P. 10170013.
13. Ong M.Y., Milano J., Nomanbhay S. et al. Insights into algae-plastic pyrolysis: Thermogravimetric and ki-netic approaches for renewable energy. Energy. 2025. Vol. 314. P. 13432214.
14. Roy A., Panda S., Gupta J. Effects of interfacial interactions on structural, optical, thermal degradation properties and photocatalytic activity of low-density polyethylene/BaTiO3 nanocomposite. Polymer. 2023. Vol. 276. P. 12593215.
15. Shagali A.A., Hu S., Li H. Thermal behavior, synergistic effect and thermodynamic parameter evaluations of biomass/plastics co-pyrolysis in a concentrating photothermal TGA. Fuel. 2023. Vol. 331. P. 12572416.
16. Stanley J., Tarani E., Ainali N.M. Thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism of poly(ethylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) Nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Thermochimica Acta. 2024. Vol. 733. P. 17970017.
17. Tee M.Y., Wang D., Wong K.-L. Investigating waste valorization potential through the co-pyrolysis of waste activated sludge and polyethylene terephthalate: Analysis on thermal degradation behavior, kinetic properties and by-products. Energy Conversion and Management. 2025. Vol. 325. P. 11941218.
18. Yousef S., Eimontas J., Meile K. Co-pyrolysis of Baltic wheat and low-density polyethylene bags and its ki-netic and thermodynamic behavior. Industrial Crops and Products. 2024. Vol. 218. P. 11897019.
19. Zhang S., Yao Q., He L. Correction and validation of the Master-plots method for the thermal cracking ki-netic mechanism of solvent-swollen polypropylene. Chemical Engineering Science. 2025. Vol. 306. P. 12130420.
20. Żukowski W., Berkowicz-Płatek G., Wrona J. Thermal decomposition of polyolefins under different oxygen content. Kinetic parameters evaluation. Energy. 2024. Vol. 293. P. 130565
Karasev R.A. Thermal decomposition of low-density polyethylene: kinetic study using TGA and DTG data. Chemical Bulletin. 2025. 8 (1). 1. https://doi.org/10.58224/2619-0575-2025-8-1-1