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Keywords: zoo compost

REMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH Cd2+ IONS BY ZOO COMPOST AFTER CULTIVATION OF HERMETIA ILLUCENS FLY LARVAE

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 34-45 p.
Abstract
One of the most toxic substances entering the soil due to anthropogenic impact is cadmium (Cd). When growing agricultural plants on soils contaminated with cadmium, it is possible for cadmium to enter the human body through food chains, which can cause numerous disturbances in the work of various body systems. In order to reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals on environmental objects, soil remediation is necessary. One of the types of remediation is a decrease in the mobility of pollutants and a decrease in their activity. In this paper, the possibil-ity of reducing the mobility of Cd2+ ions by adding zoo compost to contaminated soils after cultivating larvae of the “Black Soldier” fly (Hermetia illucens) was investigated. It was found that the content of Cd2+ ions in the mobile form in soils with the addition of zookompost significantly decreases compared to the control (up to 73.3% with a zookompost content of 2.5%). The sorption capacity of the zoo compost with respect to Cd2+ ions was determined, which is 0.12 mmol/g. The resulting sorption isotherm was processed within the framework of the monomolecular sorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich. The values of sorption energy and Gibbs energy are calculated, the values of which indicate the course of spontaneous physical adsorption with chemisorption ele-ments.
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SORPTION PROPERTIES OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) MAGGOTS VERMICULTURING ZOOCOMPOST TO «METHYL ORANGE» DYE

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 48-57 p.
Abstract
The paper considers the issues, concerned with possible release as part of sewage waters of an organo-mineral pollutant ‒ methyl orange dye – to the environment. This dye has become widely used in textile industry, food industry, and in building materials production. High concentrations of this dyestuff are toxic and can cause damage to skin and eyes. Getting into the body system, the dye can form even more toxic aromatic amines in course of metabolic processes. The toxic effect can occur even at 5% concentration of the dye.
To reduce the toxic influence of wastewaters, containing dyestuffs such as methyl orange, various purification methods are used, including sorption. To increase the cost-effectiveness of the process, the sorbents, based of various industrial wastes, have found application lately. In the present research the material, based on black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens) maggots’ vermiculture, was used.
According to experimental findings and the adsorption isotherm, the type of the sorption material’s pores and the type of sorption were determined. It has been demonstrated that the sorption material belongs to transition-porous sorbents, which is essential for extracting large molecules of the dye. According to the isotherm, the dye molecules sorption proceeds in stages: at first, a monolayer is formed, which is indicated by the first plateau in the isotherm. At the second stage, a multilayer in the form of dye molecules’ chains or clusters – the second plateau in the isotherm – is formed. The sorption mechanism is predetermined by the specific composition of zoocompost particles. Zoocompost is rich in humic compounds with such functional groups as ‒NH, ‒OH, ‒C=O. The presence of these groups makes it possible to adsorb anionic dyes, including methyl orange dye, due to electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding.
The influence of the sorbent’s weight, particles size, reaction mix temperature, duration of sorption process on methyl orange dye removal degree was studied. The sufficient efficiency of the process up to 90% was demonstrated.
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INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER ENVIRONMENT TREATED WITH ZOOCOMPOST WITH THE USE OF ALLIUM SULFUR

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 5-14 p.
Abstract
An integral assessment of the state of aquatic environments using biotests is understood as the study of the complex effect of a number of factors such as chemical, physical and biological - on the functions of living organisms. Traditional methods of chemical and physical analysis of the state of various environments (water, air, soil) are based on comparing the results obtained with environmental standards, such as MPC (maximum permissible concentration) or MAL (maximum allowable level). The advantage of biotesting in comparison with other methods for assessing the state of environments is the speed of obtaining the results and their clarity, the absence of expensive reagents and equipment. Organisms used for biotesting are called biotests or bioindicators. When choosing bioindicators the sensitivity of the organism to exposure factors is taken into account as well as the ease of cultivation. Living organisms from different taxonomic groups can act as bioindicators. Such a bioindicator recognized by the International Program for Chemical Safety (IPCS) is the higher plant Allium sulfur L. The Allium test was used to assess aquatic environment treated with zoo compost resulting from the cultivation of the Black Soldier fly larva (Hermetia illucens). The length of the roots of the tested plant was chosen as the primary response to the effect of a complex of factors. The effect of exposure is considered to be established if there is an increase or decrease in the growth of the roots of the tested plants in comparison with the control. The results obtained can be used to develop recommendations for the use of zoo compost.
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